Unit 3 Seminar Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 3 Seminar - Research Paper Example In the political arena, these sayings are tailored towards convincing the voters and the entire political allies that they simply expect the best. These phrases, slogans and sayings are representation of both truth and lie. Some of the users of these statements mean exactly what the statement outlines, while others take advantage of the audience by using convincing terms to make the audience fall prey. As much as they are used, care should be taken in order to differentiate deception from the truth. The communication characteristic of the above statements, slogans or expressions portrays a culture that is both true to type and a lie at the same time. Depending on the context within which these expressions are used, it is simple to differentiate the truth from the lies. Stereotypes are referred to as public beliefs about individuals or social groups (Bennett, 2009). These beliefs are not necessarily true. In the American community, examples of stereotypes include the belief that the African-Americans do well in sports. Another one is the belief that Mexicans went to America illegally. These stereotypes can be disputed on the ground that critical consideration of the issues they raise are vague. Although I held the first stereotype as true over a long period of time, my interaction with the African-Americans has proved otherwise. This happened out if the fact that there are many African-Americans in America who do not take part in any sport at all, and those who do are not always

War and the pity of war Essay Example for Free

War and the pity of war Essay Owens use of the word pity in this quotation immediately reveals his opinion of war. In the dictionary pity is defined as sorrow and compassion aroused by anothers condition or something to be regretted. Owen incorporates both of these definitions into his poetry when describing war. I intend to concentrate on the various devices Owen uses to convey his opinion of War in three of his poems, Disabled, Mental Cases and Exposure. The titles of two of his poems, Disabled and Mental Cases tell of the effect that Owen believes the war to have on those who fought in it. He believes that it has a detrimental, crippling effect on such people and that many lose their sanity because of it. Owens poem Mental Cases focuses on those people who survive the war but are confined to a mental asylum because of it. He uses words such as misery, tormented, hideous and madness to describe the mental state of these men. Owens poems give the distinct impression that the men involved in it are constantly plagued by memories of those that they have killed. Owen writes effectively and truthfully about this because he fought in World War One himself. In Exposure the soldiers imagine the bodies of their comrades impaled upon wire: we hear mad gusts tugging on the wire, Like twitching agonies of men among its brambles. This shows that their thoughts always return to those who have died in the War. Owens use of the word mad is an attack on the cruelty and irrationality of War. In Mental Cases the survivors are described as purgatorial shadows. Purgatory was considered to be a place somewhere between heaven and hell, a place of indecision, an eternal hell. These people in the poem are experiencing a living hell. In fact, later in the poem Owen says that people who walk amongst these tortured souls feel as though they are walking hell. The description of the mental patients as shadows indicates that the War has turned them into apparitions who barely brush the boundaries of existence. These are men whose minds the Dead have ravished. This shows that the men are in fact being tortured by the memory of those they have killed in the war. In the quotation the dead people have been personified. This makes them seem more like one body rather than many individual men. By depriving the dead of their identity the mental cases are able to lessen some of the guilt that they feel, and the extent of the carnage incomparable is easier for them to comprehend. Having ended the line preceding it with a question, Owen starts the above line with a hyphen, to give the effect that he is answering the question. In the first paragraph of Mental Cases the identity of the men is repeatedly questioned. The above line provides these men with an identity Owens attempt to pay homage to all those who served in the War. The lack of appreciation for those men involved in the war is something that Owen often incorporates into his poems. For example in Disabled the young man is not commended by anyone other than a religious figure who thanked him for his efforts in the War. The word thanked is printed in italics to convey the mans (and therefore Owens) bitterness at this lack of appreciation. Similarly in Exposure it is said that those soldiers lucky enough to return home soon find that their families and friends have moved on without them: on us the doors are closed. This shows that Owen believes that the War cuts every man off from the rest of the world. The men have experienced something so terrible that no one else can sympathise with them, including their families. It should be clear to anyone reading Owens poems that he associates the War with pain and suffering. In Exposure he suggests that the impact of the War is so huge that even nature begins to become cruel. Owens association of the unkind weather to the cruelty of the War could be described as pathetic fallacy. The merciless iced east winds that knive us Owens use of the word merciless is typical of the vocabulary he commonly uses to describe a War that he views as callous and unrelenting. He says that the wind knives the soldiers, which is a violent human action, and he later describes it as mad. Such description is more suited to the description of a living thing and therefore Owen almost personifies the wind. In Disabled Owen dwells on the debilitating effect the war has on a young boy. He is changed from a handsome man for whose face an artist was silly into an insecure old man who will never feel again how slim girls waists are. The poem focuses on this mans life before and after the war in order to make the change in his life from good to bad seem more dramatic. The picture that is conjured in the readers mind by Owens poetry is lacking in colour. The image formed in the readers mind are grey bland and empty, not at all alive or vibrant. They therefore can represent the lives of those involved in the war. In Disabled the mans life before the war is described using colourful words. Trees are light blue and his blood is purple (the colour purple is considered to be prestigious, and therefore may be an indication that courage coursed through his veins before the war ruined him). After the war, his world becomes dull and grey. He wears a ghastly suit of grey (note the use of the word ghastly to represent the horror of the War). In Exposure a personification of dawn attacks the ranks on shivering ranks of grey men. This lack of colour is explained in Disabled, when Owen states: hes lost his colour very far from here, Owen explains that war strips the colour and life from all those involved in it. Owen often uses alliteration in his poetry to add effect. For example in Exposure: Worried by silence, sentries whisper, curious, nervous. The repeated s sound in this line makes the reader feel that he/she can hear whispering. In Mental Cases the line: Rucked too thick for these mens extrication uses a lot of harsh ck sounds. The line is referring to the huge amount of human squander, and therefore such harsh sounds make the mood increasingly dramatic. Owens use of the word squander shows that he views the death of so many men in the war as wasteful and pointless. Similarly in Disabled the young man says that he threw away his knees. By using the word threw Owen shows that the man acted recklessly, wasting the gifts that he would not appreciate until he was without them. In Exposure there are many questions asked that Owen does not answer in the poem. For example What are we doing here? and -Is that why we are dying? The men in the poem are questioning the point of their fighting in the war. The fact that they are so unsure of their existence is pitiful. The rhyming and rhythm in Owens poetry is not always regular. Because it is satisfying for people to hear an perfectly rhyming poem with a regular beat, Owen makes sure that his work is not satisfying to the human ear. The almost disjointed manner in which many lines read makes the poems disconcerting, thus the war is less enjoyable to read about. Owen also achieves this dissatisfaction by varying the structure and length of the passages in his poems. For example in Disabled the length of each passage varies greatly. More time is spent reflecting on the young mans past, which gives the reader the impression that the man is regretful. The paragraphs concerning his present life are relatively brief and to the point, showing the extent to which his life has been cut up by the War. Owen uses para rhyming in Exposure, keeping the constanents of the rhyming words the same but changing the vowel sound. This technique is not satisfying to the human ear and therefore ensures that the reader feels troubled about what he/she is reading, i.e. the war. The rhyming and rhythm of Mental Cases is more regular. Therefore in order to ensure that his reader does not feel comfortable with what he/she is reading, Owen makes use of stronger, more shocking imagery such as leering skulls and men wading sloughs of blood. Owen also disrupts the order of the poem to some extent by starting lines with hyphens and punctuating the piece with questions such as but who these hellish? Owens message to his readers is that war is horrific. However the propaganda for the First World War during Owens time did not reveal such horrors, therefore many people joined for the wrong reasons. In Disabled the young man: thought of jewelled hilts For daggers in plaid socks. Owen wanted to reveal this to be a misconception of war. To me, Owens poems convey a strong sense of regret. In Disabled the young man ruins his life simply to please the giddy jilts. Because of this the man is eventually forced to: take whatever pity they may dole. Owens use of the word dole seems as though the people doling the pity are insincere, and it makes the man sound bitter and resentful. It is possible that the young man in this poem is a figurehead of Owen himself, who spent time in Craiglockhart War Hospital having been severely injured during the war. The above quotation uses the one word that Owen directly associates with war: pity. In Exposure the soldiers constantly ask questions, almost as though they are vulnerable (exposed) and in need of guidance. They are despairing and definitely regretful: We cringe in holes. This animal-like action reveals the soldiers shame at what they have been reduced to. They do not try to glorify or even justify their actions. They are forced to accept them. In Mental Cases there is no regret expressed on behalf of the mental patients until the very end of the poem. Throughout the poem the mental patients are described as purgatorial shadows and do not appear to have the state of mind to by conscious of their surroundings. However at they end they are described as: Pawing [those] who dealt them war and madness. This shows that they resent those people who caused them to end up as mental cases.

Oliver Twist Essay -- Essays Papers

Oliver Twist A Criticism of Society or a Biography With all of the symbolism and moral issues represented in Oliver Twist, all seem to come from real events from the life of its author, Charles Dickens. The novel’s protagonist, Oliver, is a good person at heart surrounded by the filth of the London streets, filth that Dickens himself was forced to deal with in his everyday life. It’s probable that the reason Oliver Twist contains so much fear and agony is because it’s a reflection of occurrences in Charles Dickens' past. Oliver Twist also brought to light the evils of social injustice and the victims of it. During his childhood, Charles Dickens suffered much abuse from his parents. This abuse is often expressed in his novel. For example, while suffering from starvation and malnutrition for a long period of time, Oliver was chosen by the other boys at the orphanage to request more gruel at dinner one night. After making this simple request, the master (at the orphanage) aimed a blow at Oliver's head with a ladle and placed him confinement. As noted by Patricia Marks in her article on Dickens, â€Å"childhood experience and suffering had emerged as a significant new topic in romantic poetry, and Dickens was personally impelled towards it by memories of his own pre-teenage years when, with the rest of his family in prison and himself alone, he was thrown into manual labour.† Dickens was even quoted as saying, â€Å"I might easily have been, for any care that was taken of... Oliver Twist Essay -- Essays Papers Oliver Twist A Criticism of Society or a Biography With all of the symbolism and moral issues represented in Oliver Twist, all seem to come from real events from the life of its author, Charles Dickens. The novel’s protagonist, Oliver, is a good person at heart surrounded by the filth of the London streets, filth that Dickens himself was forced to deal with in his everyday life. It’s probable that the reason Oliver Twist contains so much fear and agony is because it’s a reflection of occurrences in Charles Dickens' past. Oliver Twist also brought to light the evils of social injustice and the victims of it. During his childhood, Charles Dickens suffered much abuse from his parents. This abuse is often expressed in his novel. For example, while suffering from starvation and malnutrition for a long period of time, Oliver was chosen by the other boys at the orphanage to request more gruel at dinner one night. After making this simple request, the master (at the orphanage) aimed a blow at Oliver's head with a ladle and placed him confinement. As noted by Patricia Marks in her article on Dickens, â€Å"childhood experience and suffering had emerged as a significant new topic in romantic poetry, and Dickens was personally impelled towards it by memories of his own pre-teenage years when, with the rest of his family in prison and himself alone, he was thrown into manual labour.† Dickens was even quoted as saying, â€Å"I might easily have been, for any care that was taken of...

Why Do so Many Professional Athletes Go Broke After Retirement?

Jay Nicholls Economics of Sports Prof. Enz 4/5/13 Why do so many professional athletes go broke after retirement? After watching ESPN’s 30 for 30, Broke, my mind starting pondering this question of why and how so many professional athletes are blowing through the millions they make while playing their specific sport? It is amazing that someone can spend that much money so quickly. What are they buying and who are they buying things for? Where are they spending it? Where do they go wrong? When did this trend start and will it continue in the future?What are the league officials doing in order to prevent this tragedy from happening? These are some of the questions I will try to answer throughout this paper. In March of 2009 Pablo S. Torre wrote an article for Sports Illustrated titled, â€Å"How (and Why) Athletes Go Broke†. He explains how many athletes, especially minority ones, come from very humble beginnings often times growing up in poverty. Some of whom are the onl y ones in their family to reach college. Then some of them even start earning money while still in college through â€Å"illicit payments from agents† (Torre).Once these players hit the big leagues and start earning millions, much of it is invested blindly by people who appear to be trying to help but often times do not. Their fortune seemingly evaporates right before their eyes. If and when these athletes look at their bank accounts their reactions are usually similar, â€Å"What the †¦? †(Torre). The most common leagues that players go broke are the three most popular in the country, NFL, NBA, and MLB. Torre reported that â€Å"By the time they [the athletes] have been retired for two years, 78% of former NFL players have gone bankrupt or are under financial stress because of joblessness or divorce. (Torre). That is an astounding number of players looking at overdue credit card bills, child support payments and much more. Athletes who do get married and then ev entually divorced, in many cases, do not sign prenuptial agreements therefore losing at least half of what they worked so hard for. Another astonishing figure reported by Torre was that 60% of former NBA players are broke within five years of retirement. They typically run into many of the same problems as NFL players. The MLB is no different.High profile Major League Baseball players like Johnny Damon and Jacoby Ellsbury reported that some of their money is tied up in an $8 billion fraud scandal due to a shady financier named Robert Allen Stanford. It is hard to believe that someone of that celebrity status could be drained of their money but it’s true. Mike Pelfrey of the New York Mets was forced to ask the team for a salary advancement of $2 million after he admitted he was broke because 99 percent of his fortune is frozen in the same scandal (Torre).These athletes not only gave much of their wealth to Stanford, but also all of their trust and he essentially took their mon ey and ran with it. Uneducated athletes or ‘dumb jocks’ are an easy target for fraud because they may not read the fine print or even care to read it. Also they may not understand the investment fully and get taken for all that they are worth. The financial crisis of 2008 had a huge impact on many players’ wealth as their trusted financial advisors lost billions in the stock market crash.Money manager Michael Seymour, founder of the company UNI Private Wealth Strategies, was quoted saying, â€Å"Athletes have a different set of challenges from, say, entertainers. There’s a far shorter peak earnings period [in sports] than in any other profession, and in many cases they lack the time and desire to understand and monitor their investments. † (Torre). Many athletes don’t have time or the education to know where their money is going and who is handling it. A grueling 162 game baseball season doesn’t leave much time for a ball player to sit down with his financial advisor and talk numbers.Many players will say here is my money, invest it without surveying the risks involved or even realizing that there are risks involved. Coming into that much money so quickly may force a player to just pay someone to handle it because it is much easier that way. Seymour also brings up a good point that is often overlooked by people on the outside or the fans; this is the length of professional sports careers. There are very few athletes in any sport that can last long enough to retire and have enough money to not worry about the rest of their lives.Athletes such as Brett Favre, Cal Ripken, Chris Chelios and Gordie Howe are the rare exceptions to this rule. Howe played professional hockey throughout five decades spanning nearly fifty years. An article from quanthockey. com stated that the average NHL player will play between five and six seasons in the league no matter what position they were. On average that accounted for roughly 238 games played for skaters but far less for goaltenders (â€Å"Average Length of an NHL Player Career†). The numbers across the other three major leagues are very similar or lower.However hockey players, for the most part, are either good with their money or good at staying out the spotlight if they do go broke. The RAM Financial Group is a company that specializes in helping professional athletes manage their wealth. They refer to themselves as financial coaches that â€Å"help guide you to success† by planning for retirement, handling taxes, insurance, and budgeting along with many other services. In an article on their website they wrote that the average NFL career is 3. 5 years; the average NBA career is 4. years and the MLB had the longest career length of any of the four major sports leagues at 5. 6 years (â€Å"Athlete Services†). These three figures make sense too; that as the sports get less physical the career length gets longer. The baseball statistic did not include pitchers however, who are far more prone to injury and typically have much shorter careers than position players. Those figures are also the averages, meaning half of the players fall below that career length. Those players only lasting a season or two in most cases are not star players and are not earning large signing bonuses or special incentives.Chances are they are late round draft picks and sign for the league minimum. RAM Financial Group says that athletes must plan for nearly 50 years of retirement after sports. Since many athletes did not go to, or did not finish college, they do not have a degree to rely for help in the job search after their career has ended. There are only a select few athletes that can maintain a job in the sports world, such as a television announcer or analyst, coach, or scout et cetera; it requires a certain personality and intelligence.The article by Torre profiles a football player by the name of Raghib (Rocket) Ismail who was a sta r wide receiver for Notre Dame and was a potential number one draft pick for the NFL, but instead chose to sign an $18. 2 million contract over four years with the Canadian Football League’s Toronto Argonauts. Why he chose the CFL over the NFL I will never know. He goes on to say that he started with a base salary of $4 million and he was so focused on football that by the time his first year was over his bank account was just about empty.Ed Butowsky was listening to Ismail speak and nodded his head as if to say, ‘I could have seen that coming’. Butowsky is a managing partner at Chapwood Investments which is a wealth management firm. He is used to managing very wealthy people’s fortunes in the business world but, not many professional athletes. Butowsky realized that broke athletes was a reoccurring theme throughout major league sports and he felt the need to do something about it. In 2005 Butowsky began inviting many prominent athletes to his so called fi nancial â€Å"boot camps†.Some of these athletes were well off and others were not. He taught them things about money from the very basics of what is a bond, to some more complicated topics such as insurance and retirement. These sessions were free of charge and the goal was to educate these young men so that they did not fall into financial ruin like so many athletes before them (Torre). An athlete’s wealth is† supposed to outlive their career† according to Bill Duffy, a veteran agent who manages players like Steve Nash and Carmelo Anthony. So where do most of them go wrong?The feature of Torre’s article, Rocket Ismail, talked about his investment portfolio over the years. It included lots of â€Å"dubious inventions and risky investments† (Torre). He mentioned pouring money into a religious movie that saw no return. He earned a reported $18 to $20 million over his career from salary alone in the CFL, and went broke through what he calls â₠¬Å"‘total ignorance’†. He was luckier than most broke athletes however, because he never filed for bankruptcy, had legal trouble or got divorced, and most importantly he had his degree from Notre Dame.But his lack of ‘luck’ with investments caused him to nearly lose it all (Torre). One of his worst investments came when he sank $300,000 into a theme restaurant called the Rock N’ Roll Cafe. It was similar to the idea of the Hard Rock Cafe. Ismail said the man who pitched him this idea talked about it as â€Å"fail-proof, with no downsides† (Torre). Ismail was never paid back anything at all and doesn’t even know if the restaurant ever existed. His lack of interest in the investment led him to lose a considerable amount of his money by writing a single check.If I were about to invest that much money I would want to see building plans, permits, other investors, revenue, and much more before I decided to invest anything at all. Whethe r he didn’t care or didn’t know, he is still at fault. One would think Ismail learned his lesson, but the opposite is true. He continually pumped thousands of dollars into sketchy investments that never took off. He was too trustworthy and easily persuaded by smooth talkers and promising business plans such as a music label, a cosmetics line, tourist shops, and a phone card dispensary company.All of which failed miserably and he saw no return on his investments. Some may call it bad luck but Butowsky sees it differently. According to the article, â€Å"Industry experts estimate that only one in 30 of the highest-caliber private investment deals works out as advertised† (Torre). I would not be willing to risk much money on a thirty three percent chance of making money. He also states, â€Å"Chronic overallocation into real estate and bad private equity is the Number 1 problem [for athletes] in terms of a financial meltdown† (Torre).The lure of tangible ite ms is so much greater than buying something intangible like a stock. Most athletes love the spotlight, and by saying so and so owns a bar or restaurant is a lot sexier and more intriguing than being a shareholder in a Fortune 500 company, even though it may be a safer investment. Risk-averse investors suggest allocating most of their investments to a mix of public securities which to most athletes are invisible and boring. The thrill of inventions and nightclubs are for more appealing but riskier.Disreputable people see athletes’ money as very easy to get a hold of according to NFL agent Steven Baker, who represents 20 NFL players (Torre). People seek to take advantage of them and as history shows it they have been extremely successful. Drew Bledsoe and a crew of other NFL retirees invested â€Å"at least $100,000 apiece in a †¦ Pay By Touch †¦ technology that would help replace credit cards with fingerprints† (Torre). Even though this company was dealing wit h several lawsuits from players and others, they still invested.The stories of athletes buying real estate to sell and rent are very common and their results are all too similar. The financial crisis put a huge damper on the housing market and caused many of the properties to be foreclosed on putting these athletes further into debt. Many properties are up for sale on EBay, far below their original asking prices and market values. Former major league infielder Junior Spivey is one of the many suffering from owning too many real estate properties that aren’t seeing a return on investment.He declares, â€Å"It’s very tough, especially for someone like me who’s not playing† (Torre). Young, rich athletes are similar to a lottery winner who comes into millions without knowing how to handle it. Some of them probably haven’t heard or learned of the basics of budgeting or keeping receipts for tax purposes according to Leigh Steinberg an NFL agent (Torre). Many athletes will admit they know nothing about the business and financial world after the fact they have made very costly investments without knowing all the details about where their money is actually going.Magic Johnson weighed in on this discussion, â€Å"by admitting he knew nothing about business† (Torre). He was a lucky one getting a trustworthy adviser. He went on to say that many athletes hire family and friends because it is a favor to them but these people are often times in over their heads when dealing with this much money. They can make risky and uneducated investments that may not be profitable. Johnson gets calls from stars all the time who ask him about hiring friends and he immediately says no because he knows they will more than likely fail.Many athletes will hire their friends because they simply do not know how to say no to them. Friends of rich athletes often expect financial help or jobs. The infamous Ron Artest had to dismiss six of his friends involv ed in his record label in 2007. They were doing odd jobs for him and living in a house he was paying for. His ‘entourage’ was less helpful than they were worth and Artest had to make that tough decision (Torre). Jerry Richardson, owner of the Carolina Panthers stated the most dangerous thing that could happen to an athlete financially is divorce.A lot of athletes get married young and by the time they retire realize they made a mistake. In Torre’s article, he refers to a survey put out a financial services firm by the name of Rothstein Kass. In the survey they polled 178 athletes – each with a minimum net worth of $5 million and most were under the age of thirty. It was reported that, â€Å"more than 80% of the 178 athletes polled†¦ [were] concerned about being involved in unjust lawsuits and/or divorce proceedings† (Torre). Athletes and agents’ common estimates today, show that the divorce rate for professional athletes is anywhere from sixty to eighty percent.Husbands routinely lose half of their net worth in these cases and most splits happen after the peak earnings period of their careers, or in retirement. This timing is no accident. Former NBA center Mark West commented, â€Å"There’s this huge lifestyle change†¦ you and your wife are suddenly always at home, bugging each other. Before you’d say ‘I gotta go to practice. ’ Now you don’t have practice† (Torre). If you don’t want to spend time with your wife clearly you aren’t ready to get married or you picked the wrong woman to spend the rest of your life with.I can see how many retired athletes would want to relax at home after their career is over. Some women are just gold diggers as well, just using the men’s money to go shopping and such. Other problems such as infidelity may arise as well. Celebrity status sometimes seems to bring out the worst in people and not many marriages can survive a cheating scandal. With all the pressures riding on a high profile marriage with an athlete, the prenuptial agreement is one security blanket to protect an athletes’ net worth.This is recommended by agent David Falk who represented Michael Jordan, but Jordan did not have one. The percentage of athletes who sign one is considerably lower than regular people of the same economic stature. Often times an athlete will marry his hometown sweetheart and they are so blinded by ‘love’ that they could not ever imagine a ruinous divorce in their future, but people change especially when there is lots of money at stake. Dikembe Mutombo set a great example for athletes when called off his marriage in 1994 after his fiance refused to sign a prenuptial agreement.It reportedly â€Å"cost him $250,000† to cancel the wedding ceremony but it could have been millions had they gone through with the marriage and gotten divorced later on (Torre); smart move by the big man. Chil dren are a large factor in a divorce settlement as well. They tend to make the decisions far more complicated. NBA player Travis Henry, who has nine children with nine different women, is a prime example of this. His fortune was demolished by child support payments in the â€Å"tens of thousands† (Torre).When athletes cannot afford to pay these ridiculous amounts of money they get treated no differently than regular citizens and are put in prison. Another factor leading to the demise of an athletes’ wealth is the notion that they want to impress the veterans on the team and get on their good side. Some rookies think that in order to do this they must buy a Lamborghini, a yacht or splurge on a million dollar house. You cannot live outside your means for too long. Soon enough the bills will come in and they will realize that swiping a credit card doesn’t mean you can keep that item forever. Young layers will look up to guys that have been in the league for many ye ars, and who have accumulated plenty of money. They try to emulate them and fail miserably. For example a rookie on say, Shaquille O’Neal’s team, might look at his many cars, clothes and large and say, ‘I want that’. However Shaq has money coming from not only his NBA salary, which was amongst the highest in the league, but also from numerous endorsement deals off the court. Professional athletes’ going broke has been an ongoing trend for many years and it will continue until education becomes an important part of turning pro.Fox news did a short story on this epidemic and in it Kathryn Buschman Vasel reported that, â€Å"The reasons for financial hardships vary, from lack of planning, over indulgence, bad investments and poor financial guidance. Or all of the above† (Vasel). These four mishaps have ruined lives of once millionaire athletes for so many years. With so many star athletes going broke and embarrassing not only themselves but the leagues they represent, what are the owners, general managers, and league officials doing to help prevent this trend from continuing?USA Today posted an article on this topic last year citing the Sports Illustrated article among others. Russ Wiles wrote, â€Å"The NFL conducts workshops for rookies covering topics such as substance abuse, sex education, gambling, domestic violence and personal finance† (Wiles). However their effectiveness remains in question. Many of the rookies will disregard these efforts to help them and wind up in the same situation as their counterparts before them. They hear the stories and statistics but think this could never happen to me I am going to be a millionaire, there’s no way I could blow that much money.Ignorance is not bliss in this situation. Many athletes â€Å"assume the money will keep flowing in for years, but that’s usually not the case† (Wiles). Contracts that teams offer are usually merit based with only a small percentage guaranteed no matter what. Many players don’t realize this or may not even know that. As an athlete myself I never think that maybe I will get hurt this year or what will happen if I do. Professional athletes have the same mentality. Even worse what if a rookie never pans out to be more than a backup?Bench players don’t make nearly as much as starters or star players. And as soon as a player gets cut or put on waivers their contract dwindles down to nothing. When the paychecks stop coming, the lavish lifestyles of athletes can no longer be sustained. Paychecks will stop eventually for everyone but bills never do. The banks and credit card companies don’t care if you get hurt playing a professional sport, they still want their money and will stop at nothing until they get all of it; whether that means foreclosing your home, car and yacht or seizing all other assets as collateral.Players can’t grasp the concept that their peak earnings period wi ll be short lived and their lifestyles must be planned accordingly. Unlike a corporate office job or a doctor where the potential salaries keep increasing based on good performance or experience in the field in which they work, Athletes make all or most of their income in a few short years. According to Wiles, â€Å"Even athletes who play professionally for many years will eventually need to downsize their finances†¦That makes them different from most workers† (Wiles). Colleges and universities are not off the hook either.These institutions that have high profile teams with the potential for their athletes to play professional sports should offer more courses on money and finance to their students. It should be a requirement for students not just student athletes to be financial literate so that nobody finds themselves in the red later on in life. Even if you are a history major or a science major, it is imperative to know how keep your head above water when it comes to personal finances. The only way these professional athletes will be able to lead successful lives after their playing days are over is through education.People above them need to stress the importance of saving, planning, and common sense because once you owe more money than you are able to pay back it may be impossible to get out of debt. Bibliography 1. â€Å"Athlete Services. † RAM Financial Group. RAM Financial Group, n. d. Web. 2 Apr 2013. . 2. â€Å"Average Length of an NHL Player Career. † Quanthockey. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 2 Apr 2013. . 3. Torre, Pablo S.. â€Å"How (and Why) Athletes Go Broke. SI Vault. Sports Illustrated, 3 Mar 2009. Web. 1 Apr 2013. . 4. Vasel, Kathryn Buschman. â€Å"Why Athletes Go Broke. † Fox Business. Fox News, 01 FEBRU 2013. Web. 4 Apr 2013. . 5. Wiles, Russ. â€Å"Pro athletes aften fumble the financial ball. † USA TODAY Sports. USA TODAY, 22 APRIL 2012. Web. 4 Apr 2013. .

“The Lady or the Tiger”: What Really Happened?

Dustin Powers Mr. Lamon AP Language 3 December 2012 â€Å"The Lady or the Tiger†: What really happened? The Lady or the Tiger, a captivating short story of love and loss, teases your imagination by integrating the rising action at the end of the story only to leave you to make your own interpretation of how the falling action concludes. The author uses a third person omniscient narrator so to make it seem as though the he doesn’t even know how the story truly ends. The finale to the short story has been conversation of much debate.What is behind door he opens? Does he die on the princess’s accord? What happens, no one essentially knows, but him dying is the only logical ending that could subsist. The tale starts out with a fascinating introduction by classifying the king as â€Å"semi barbaric† â€Å"florid† and â€Å"untrammeled,† but on the contrary the narrator begins to describe him as â€Å"†¦somewhat polished and sharpened by the progressiveness of distant Latin neighbors†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Although it is not directly stated where the tale takes place, one can pin point the story to Medieval Europe c. 00-400 AD, a very tumultuous time. Influenced greatly by the Roman Empire, as they were a prominent society at the time, the European continent was at a crossroads between the liberalism of the Latin culture, and the less enlightened methodologies that were prerequisite to the changes at the time. This setting is what the root of the king’s brutality and the passing of these traits develop. The fictional account tells of the king’s daughter being â€Å"†¦as blooming as his most florid fancies, and with a soul as fervent and imperious as his own. As unlikely as it seems the princess seems to create a bond with a young man that is of â€Å"lower station† than she. This short lived relationship of a few months was cut to an abrupt end by the Barbaric King. Never once does the story mention th e princess make any attempt of arguing the innocence of her lover. This abandonment can only be explained by her savage nature. It says that she could have possibly never loved him in the first place, and that maybe she was just using him to fill a void her over protecting father created by sheltering her from finding a ompanion. With the slightest possibility that the arrogant and haughty princess had come to truly love this man then she would know for a fact that he would be safe of this cruel justice, because as the decision was left up to fate then there would be no question of what was coming out of the door. If she truly had any admiration for her lover, and trust of his innocence in his love then she would allow him to make his choice uncompromised by her instruction. She would allow him to open the door to the chamber with the â€Å"fair maiden†. But she did not.With a slight notion to her right she indicates which door needed to be opened. Turning to face his fate th e young man opened the door to his right leaving his destiny in the hands of the demented princess. Possibly scared of his innocence and fate’s compassion, considering the true love he possessed for her, she directed him to door with the lion. This is just a sadistic favor of disposing this inconvenience for her father. Once again if the princess did actually truly have feelings for him then she had proven to be very jealous of the lady behind the door.While if she had not had those impulses toward him the animosity she had toward the damsel was strictly out of the hatred of the young girls lust over one of her possessions. Either way it was not left unknown that she had much discontent with her by saying, â€Å"Often had she seen, or imagined that she had seen, this fair creature throwing glances of admiration upon the person of her lover, and sometimes she thought these glances were perceived, and even returned. With the princess in possession of the knowledge of the locat ion of the tiger she had the power to control the future of both the young man and the young woman. The real or unreal passing of glances between the two would be the end of him, because the jealousy she had towards the maiden would cause an â€Å"If I can’t have you no one can† mentality. The princess couldn’t bear the thought of them being happy together so she sends him to the tiger.

Your Work Adds Value †Start Pricing It That Way

Your Work Adds Value – Start Pricing It That Way When I began to inquire about a cleaning service – you know, someone to clean my house so I could have two hours of my life back – I was floored with the going rate. The going rate for cleaning toilets (in my area) is $80 per hour. You want clean laundry? Much more. This made me reflect on how experts not only price their services, but whether they believe they offer something of value. This isnt to say cleaning for a living doesnt deserve to be paid. It sure does. But writing for a living is worth at least that, dont you think? If you search online for the going rate of freelance writers, youll be disappointed. Those rates are false. If you accept that $30 an hour for a writing project is fair, youd be better off cleaning toilets for a living. How do you counteract the low fees as a professional writer? Quality clients First, realize you should only accept the clients who will agree to your rates. Clients have to have a substantial marketing budget. Theres a reason why cleaning services are typically used Charge per project Second, drop the hourly rate. When your plumber is working on a task, are you watching the clock and seeing $100 fly out the window every hour? Dont do that to clients. Give them a set project fee, which corporate clients prefer. Dont cheapen your skill Appreciate your value Third, develop confidence in your rates. Dont leave room for negotiation Say no Finally, say no more often. The more work you accept at insulting rates, thats additional work you could lose at better rates. Weed through the undesirable, cheap paying clients. Set yourself up as an expert. Produce quality work and enhance your portfolio. The more quality clients you choose to work with, the more youll believe youre worth every penny. Realize that you will always be surrounded

Digital Crime Scenario

Digital Crime Scenario Introduction According to the intelligence service, online fraud has been the most commonly used type of digital crime. In addition to that, they have released a report that says that one out of every ten users of the internet has at one time or the other been a victim of the online fraudsters who pose as clients or sellers or merchandise (Harkins, 2011). This prompted the government to create a website where one can be able to report any incidences of online fraud.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Digital Crime Scenario specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thesis Statement With reference to the given question, this paper will a scenario that details of a digital online fraud and will also give the specific detail of the fraud. Scenario of an online fraud A very good example of an online fraud is where internet users fall victim to the rogue security software that is found over the internet. This type of software is use d to trick the internet user into buying and installing a fake antivirus which in term takes over the operations of the computer (Harkins, 2011). This rogue security software can appear on a website in the form of an advertisement which in most of the time informs that internet user of their win for being a visitor to the website and once it has been clicked it automatically installs itself into the operating system of the computer (Bird, 2011). The website will then display a warning of a virus in the computer operating system and will then encourage the internet user to buy and install an antivirus that they have. The internet user will go ahead and buy the antivirus without realising that it is not a genuine antivirus. The antivirus then installs its components into the computer which may appear in many forms. Once the components have been installed, the website will continue to alert the internet user of more malicious components and will lure the internet user into paying for m ore services. The components will then disable some of the parts that are involved in the uninstalling of the malware so as to stop the user from being able to uninstall the components that are in the operating system (Bryant, 2008). The developers of this rogue security software will play with the internet user’s mind to be able to make him / her pay for services using his / her credit cards yet nothing is being done to fix the situation. This kind of fraud account for 50% of the internet advertisement that are seen on a daily basis and this gives a more likely chance for internet users to be able to fall into the traps of the internet fraudsters.Advertising Looking for report on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These developers create a problem for the internet user who clicks on the fake advertisements that are displayed on websites and thereafter charge him / her lots of money so as to abl e to fix the problem which is not what they will do. They instead continue creating more problems for the internet user and continue luring him / her into paying for the services of trying to remove the malware that has been installed into the operating system of the computer (Thorsteinson, 2009). Conclusion In conclusion, for the developers of the rogue security software to be able to lure the internet users into their traps, they are creating an advertisement that informs that internet user of a win from visiting the website and after he /she has click of the win, malware is automatically installed into his / her computer thereby giving the chance to the developer to charge the internet user for the services of removing the malware. References Bird, R. (2011). CyberLaw: Text and Cases, Oklahoma, OK: Cengage Learning. Bryant, R. (2008). Investigating Digital Crime, London, UK: Oxford University Press. Harkins, B. (2011). Rogue Software. London, UK: John Wiley and Sons. Thorsteinson , P. (2009). Net Security and Cryptography, New York, NY: Sage.

Complete Guide Colleges Not Requiring SAT Scores

Complete Guide Colleges Not Requiring SAT Scores SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Not all admissions processes are created equal. One major point of difference among colleges these days is how admissions officers consider your SAT scores. More and more schools are de-emphasizing SAT scores as part of your application with test-optional and test-flexible policies. One college has even eliminated SAT scorescompletely! There are now more than 1,000 accredited, bachelor-degree granting institutions that have changed their approaches to standardized test scores. Keep in mind that the majority of colleges, especially the more prestigious schools, do still require (and strongly consider) SAT scores. Let’s take a look at the different score policies and the schools that no longer require applicants to submit their SAT scores for admission. // What Is Test Optional? A test-optional policy leaves the decision up to youas to whether or not you want to send SAT scores to a school.In other words, SAT-optional colleges do not require you to send your scores. Instead, you must decide whether or not your test results are an accurate representation of your academic ability and potential. // Just as with the rest of your application, you can be purposeful in crafting your candidacy to a test-optional college. This leaves you with more choice and control over how you can present your strengths to admissions officers. // Some highly ranked SAT-optional schools include the following: Bates College Bowdoin College Bryn Mawr College The George Washington University Hofstra University Pitzer College (for students with a ≠¥3.5 unweighted GPA or who are in the top 10% of their high school class) Sarah Lawrence College Smith College (for US citizens/permanent residents) University of Chicago University of Iowa Wake Forest University Wesleyan University (for students attending US/Canadian high schools) Scroll down to see the full list of colleges that do not require SAT scores. // What Is Test Flexible? While a test-flexible policy requires you to send test scores, it might allow for different options in place of the SAT.For example, some schools might waive their test requirements if you meet a minimum GPA or are applying to a specific program, while others mightlet you send AP scores or SAT Subject Test scores in lieu of general SAT scores. // The rationale is that these scores can demonstrate subject mastery and therefore reveal your own particular academic interests and motivations. NYU’s test-flexible policy, for example, states the following: "To be eligible for admission, you must submit one of the following: SAT(essay test not required) ACT(writing test not required) ThreeSAT Subject Testscores ThreeAP examscores International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma ThreeIB higher-level examscores if not an IB Diploma candidate Certain international qualifications that shows you completed your secondary education." // Because the specifics of test-flexible policies can vary from school to school,you should check with your colleges of interest to make sure you're fulfilling the application requirements. This info should be available on each school’s website, but if not, definitely call and speak to an admissions officer directly. You’ll not only get the info you need but also demonstrate your interest and a proactive approach to the college,which could ultimately help you stand out from other applicants. // Some highly ranked test-flexible schools include the following: Brandeis University (for US and Canada citizens/permanent residents) Colby College Colorado College Hamilton College Middlebury College New York University (NYU) You'll find more test-flexible schools on the full list below. // What Is Test Blind? Currently, there is only one college that has a test-blind policy- meaning, it does not want you to send any test scores at all. This school is Hampshire College in Amherst, MA. According tothe school's policy, Hampshire will reject any and all score reports sent in: "Unlike 'test-optional' institutions, we will not consider SAT/ACT scores regardless of the score. Even if it's a perfect score, it will not weigh into our assessment of an applicant." As you can see, schools have differentapproaches to SAT scores and how much they weigh into your application (if at all). // Below, we’ve compiled a comprehensive list of all schools not requiring the SAT, as well as a list of top-tier test-optional and test-flexible colleges. When applying to college, make sure to explore allthe different policies for standardized tests. // Top-Tier Schools That De-emphasize the SAT In this section, we've listed 320+top-tier liberal arts colleges and research universities that de-emphasize the SAT. Some of these schools are test flexible, some are test optional, and others have guaranteed admission based on GPA or class rank. By top tier, we mean any school ranked among the top 250 on the US News lists for best liberal arts colleges, best national universities, best regional universities, orbest regional colleges. All schools are numbered according to their ranking and region. // Take a look and see if any schools you're interested in are on these lists! Since they are quite long, you can also search directly for a school of interest with the ctrl + F function on your keyboard. National Liberal Arts Colleges 3. Bowdoin College (ME) 6. Middlebury College (VT) "Test Flexible" 12. Colby College (ME) "Test Flexible" 12. Smith College (MA) 18. Hamilton College (NY) "Test Flexible" 21. Wesleyan University (CT) 23. Bates College 23. Colorado College (CO) "Test Flexible 32. Bryn Mawr (PA) 33. College of the Holy Cross (MA) 33. Pitzer College (CA) 36. Mount Holyoke College (MA) 36. Union College (NY) 39. Franklin and Marshall College (PA) 41. SewaneeUniversity of the South (TN) 41. Skidmore College (NY) 41. Whitman College (WA) 44. Trinity College (CT) 46. Bard College (NY) 46. Connecticut College (CT) 46. Denison University (OH) 46. Gettysburg College (PA) 53. Furman University (SC) 53. St. John's College (MD) 53. Sarah Lawrence College (NY) 58. Lawrence University (WI) 58. St. Lawrence University (NY) 61. Agnes Scott College (GA) 65. Hobart and William Smith Colleges (NY) 68. Earlham College (IN) 68. University of Puget Sound (WA) 71. Knox College (IL) 71. Muhlenberg College (PA) 71. Wofford College (SC) 76. Beloit College (WI) 76. Kalamazoo College (MI) 76. Lewis and Clark (OR) 76. St. John's College (NM) 76. Wheaton College (MA) 82. Allegheny College (PA) 82. Willamette University (OR) 85. Gustavus Adolphus (MN) 87. Bennington College (VT) 87. Cornell College (IA) 87. Transylvania University (KY) 93. Austin College (TX) 93. College of the Atlantic (ME) 93. Ursinus College (PA) 96. Washington College (MD) 101. Augustana College (IL) 101. Lake Forest College (IL) 101. Ohio Wesleyan University (OH) 101. St. Mary's College (IN) 106. Juniata College (PA) 106. St. Anselm College (NH) 106. St. Michael's College (VT) 106. Washington Jefferson College (PA) 1. Stonehill College (MA) 2. Drew University (NJ) 2. Goucher College (MD) 2. Hanover College (IN) 7. Ripon College (WI) 7. Elizabethtown College (PA) 7. Marlboro College (VT) 123. Birmingham-Southern College (AL) 123. Presbyterian College (SC) 128. Whittier College (CA) 134. McDaniel College (MD) 134. Siena College (NY) 134. Sweet Briar College (VA) 138. Illinois College (IL) 138. Roanoke College (VA) 141. Hiram College (OH) 141. Susquehanna University (PA) 147. Bard College at Simon's Rock (MA) 147. Houghton College (NY) 147. Lycoming College (PA) 147. William Jewell College (MO) 158. Doane University (NB) 158. Wittenberg University (OH) 160. Guilford College (NC) 160. Warren Wilson College (NC) 163. Carthage College 165. Elmira College (NY) 159. Hartwick College (NY) 168. College of Idaho 168. Wells College (NY) National Universities 3. University of Chicago (IL) 27. Wake Forest University (NC) 30. New York University (NY) "Test Flexible" 34. Brandeis University (MA) 34. University of Rochester (NY) "Test Flexible) 56. The George Washington University (DC) 56. Univ. of Texas – Austin (TX) "Top 8%" 61. Worcester Polytechnic Institute (MA) 69. American University (DC) 69. Texas AM University (TX) "Top 10%" 81. Clark University (MA) 81. University of Delaware (DE) 94. Drexel University (PA) "Test Flexible" 5. Arizona State University (AZ) 5. Temple University 120. DePaul University (IL) 120. Duquesne University (PA) 120. The Catholic University of America (DC) 124. University of Arizona (AZ) 132. Hofstra University (NY) 133. New School (NY) 140. George Mason University (VA) 140. Washington State University (WA) "Top 10%" 145. Kansas State University (KS) 145. University of Mississippi (MS) 145. Univ. Texas- Dallas (TX) "Top 10%" 156. University of Massachusetts- Lowell (MA) 165. Immaculata University (PA) 165. Maryville University of St. Louis (MO) 165. St. John's University (NY) 171. Mississippi State University (MS) 171. Rowan University (NJ) 171. Virginia Commonwealth University (VA) 176. University of Hartford (CT) 176. Texas Tech University (TX) "Top 10%" 187. Azusa Pacific University (CA) 187. Ball State University (IN) 187. Montclair State University (NJ) 192. University of Houston (TX) "Top 10%" 202. University of NevadaReno (NV) 202. California State. University- Fullerton (CA) 202. University of MassachusettsBoston (MA) 207. University of Alaska- Fairbanks (AK) 216. South Dakota State University (SD) 223. California State University- Fresno (CA) 223. University of South Dakota (SD) Regional Universities North 1. Providence College (RI) 3. Fairfield University (CT) 4. Loyola University (MD) 6. University of Scranton (PA) 7. Emerson College (MA) 8. Ithaca College (NY) 9. Marist College (NY) 10. Bryant College (RI) . Saint Joseph's University (PA) 13. Quinnipiac University (CT) 17. Le Moyne College (NY) 24. Lebanon Valley College (PA) 28. Assumption College (MA) 28. Hood College (MD) 28. Nazareth College (NY) 34. Endicott College (MA) 34. La Salle University (PA) 37. Roger Williams University (RI) 37. Salve Regina University (RI) 37. Wagner College (NY) 41. Sacred Heart University (CT) 41. Stockton University (NJ) 48. Mercyhurst University (PA) 48. Niagara University (NY) 56. Merrimack College (MA) 56. Notre Dame of Maryland University (MD) 56. Seton Hill University (PA) 62. King's College (PA) 64. DeSales University (PA) 64. Johnson and Wales University (RI) 64. Western New England University (MA) 75. Chatham University (PA) 78. Roberts Wesleyan College (PA) 78. Salisbury University (MD) 78. University of New England (ME) 78. University of Saint Joseph (CT) 86. Eastern Connecticut State University (CT) 86. Norwich University (VT) 86. Southern New Hampshire University (NH) 91. College of Saint Rose (NY) 91. SUNY Potsdam (NY) 91. Champlain College (VT) 94. Millersville University of Pennsylvania (PA) 97. Saint Peter's University (NJ) 97. The Sage Colleges (NY) 97. Wheelock College (MA) 102. Bay Path University (MA) 102. Bridgewater State University (MA) 102. Manhattanville College (NY) 102. Point Park University (PA) 5. Plymouth State University (NH) 6. Worcester State University (MA) 120. Cabrini University (PA) 120. Keuka College (NY) 120. Western Connecticut State University (CT) 126. Framingham State University (MA) 130. Daemen College (NY) 130. Lasell College (MA) 130. Utica College (NY) 136. St. Joseph's College (ME) 137. College of St. Elizabeth (NJ) 137. Salem State University (MA) Regional Universities Midwest 3. Drake University (IA) 9. University of Evansville (IN) 18. Baldwin-Wallace College (OH) 29. Augsburg University (MN) 51. Robert Morris University (IL) 64. Walsh University (OH) 73. McKendree University (IL) 75. MidAmerica Nazarene University (KS) 87. Northwest Missouri State University (MO) 93. Southeast Missouri State University (MO) 93. Tiffin University (OH) 99. Northern State University (SD) 106. Concordia University (MN) 106. Ohio Dominican University (OH) 109. Wayne State College (NE) 8. Dakota State University (SD) 8. Sierra Heights University (MI) 122. Emporia State University (KS) Regional Universities South 2. Rollins College (FL) 6. Stetson University (FL) 7. James Madison University . Christopher Newport University (VA) 12. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (FL) 15. Asbury University (KY) 17. University of Mary Washington (VA) 21. Hampton University (VA) 43. Radford University (VA) 52. Jacksonville University (FL) 52. Keiser University (FL) 52. Marymount University (VA) 52. Mississippi University for Women (MS) 57. Brenau University (GA) 57. Columbia College (SC) 61. St. Leo University (FL) 80. St. Thomas University (FL) 87. Pfeiffer University (NC) 89. King University (TN) 95. Lynn University (FL) 102. Virginia State University (VA) 104. Arkansas Tech (AR) 106. Amridge University (AL) Regional Universities West 8. Whitworth University (WA) 9. Mills College (CA) 16. Pacific Lutheran University (WA) 31. California State Polytechnic- Pomona (CA) 35. San Jose State University (CA) 37. California State Univ.- Chico (CA) 39. California State Univ.- Long Beach (CA) 44. La Sierra University (CA) 47. California State Univ.- Monterey Bay (CA) 47. Humboldt State University (CA) 47. Northwest Nazarene University (ID) 47. Walla Walla University (WA) 55. California State Univ.Stanislaus (CA) 57. Alaska Pacific University (AK) 57. Sonoma State University (CA) 59. California State Univ.- Los Angeles (CA) 59. Hawaii Pacific University (HI) 63. California State Univ.- San Bernardino (CA) 66. California State Univ.- Channel Islands (CA) 66. Woodbury University (CA) 70. California State Univ.- Sacramento (CA) 70. Texas AM Int'l Univ. (TX) "Top 10%" 73. California State Univ.- Northridge (CA) 73. Stephen F. Austin State Univ. (TX) "Top 10%" 73. Western Oregon University (OR) 76. California State Univ.- San Marcos (CA) 76. University of Alaska- Anchorage (AK) 81. Oklahoma Wesleyan University (OK) 81. Prescott College (AZ) 81. West Texas AM University (TX) 86. Eastern Washington University (WA) 86. Weber State University (UT) 90. University of Texas- Tyler (TX) 91. Midwestern State University (TX) 91. University of Texas- Permian Basin (TX) 94. California State Univ.Bakersfield (CA) 95. University of North Texas (TX) "Top 10%" Regional Colleges North 7. Colby-Sawyer College (NH) 8. University of Maine- Farmington (ME) . Wilson College (PA) 12. Cazenovia College (NY) 13. Pennsylvania College of Technology (PA) 16. Unity College (ME) 17. SUNY College of Technology- Delhi (NY) 19. Vermont Technical College (VT) 19. Concordia College (NY) 22. Dean College (MA) 22. Paul Smith's College (NY) 26. Keystone College (PA) 26. Mount Ida College (MA) 29. University of Maine- Presque Isle (ME) 31. University of Maine- Fort Kent (ME) 33. University of Northern Vt.Lyndon (VT) 35. University of Valley Forge (PA) 36. Newbury College (MA) Regional Colleges Midwest 25. Manchester University (IN) 42. Ottawa University (KS) 44. Olivet College (MI) 51. Dickinson State University (ND) 54. Midland University (NE) 56. Dunwoody College of Technology (MN) Regional Colleges South 1. High Point University (SC) 2. Flagler College (FL) 3. University of the Ozarks (AR) 4. Catawba College (NC) 8. Belmont Abbey College (NC) 19. Lees-McRae College (NC) 21. Brevard College (NC) 21. Florida Memorial University (FL) 25. Bennett College (NC) 26. Welch College (TN) 28. Pensacola State College (FL) 28. South Florida State College (FL) 36. Everglades University (FL) 41. Point University (GA) 45. Warner University (FL) 50. Georgia Gwinnett College (GA) 55. University of Holy Cross (LA) Regional Colleges West 3. California State Univ. Maritime (CA) 6. Oregon Institute of Technology (OR) 15. Marymount California University (CA) 16. East Texas Baptist University (TX) 21. Southwestern Christian University (OK) 23. Lewis-Clark State University (ID) 25. University of HawaiiOahu (HI) Source: FairTest.org You might notice that national liberal arts colleges are more likely to have test-optional policies than national research universities are. In recent years, liberal arts schools have increasingly taken the position that your test scores are only one component of your application and don't represent the sum of your academic potential. However, most prestigious universities (in the top 50) still require the SAT. This includes Ivy League schoolslike Harvard, Yale, and Princeton; University of California system schools like UC Berkeley and UCLA; and many other top private schools like Stanford and Duke. It’s important to know the SAT policies of schools long before you actually apply, since taking and prepping for the SAT can begin more than a year in advance of your deadlines. Now that you’re aware of these different policies, your first course of action is to start exploring. // Comprehensive List of Schools That De-emphasize the SAT Beyond the top schools above, we've also prepared a comprehensive document listing all schools that de-emphasize the SAT. Click the icon below to see the completelist! What Should You Do With These Test-Optional Lists? Now that you have a sense of all the schools with test-optional or text-flexible admissions policies, what should you do next? Consider these four tips for moving forward in the college application process. #1: Do Your Own Fact Checking Since admissions processes are complex and unique to each school, it falls on you to thoroughly explore the policies of all the colleges you're interested in. As mentioned above, if you can’t find a detailed explanation on the college’s website, don’t hesitate to call an admissions officer and ask directly. This is also a question you could bring to your college visits, as long as you answer it early enough to give yourself enough time for test prep. #2: Take the SAT or ACT to Keep Your Options Open Your college list is almost certainly going to change throughout junior and even senior year. Don’t limit yourself prematurely by ruling out the SAT, as you'll want to keep your options open. Think about it: you wouldn’t want to fall in love with a college only to discover you don’t have time to take the SAT or prep effectively for it and thus can’t meet the school's admission requirements. Planning and prepping should begin at least by early junior year, and it’s very unlikely that you’ll have your college list finalized by then. As you plan out your schedule, visit our resources on when you should start prepping for the SAT and what the best test dates are for you. #3: Consider Applying to Many Schools On a similar note, it isn't wise to limit yourself to certain schools just so you can avoid taking the SAT. The fit of the college- from itsacademics and extracurricular opportunities to its campus and culture- are much more important factors in determining where you'll be spending the four years of your life after high school. Even if you feel anxious about the SAT, the skills of applied discipline and personal growth that you developpreparing for it will be useful to you throughout your academic and professional careers. #4: Analyze the Strength of Your Application If you're applying to colleges that do not require the SAT or that have test-flexible options, it'll help you to reflect on your strengths and weaknesses. Have you achieved (or will you be able to get) a strong SAT score, or is your academic ability better represented through AP tests and SAT Subject Tests? Will these scores strengthen your application, or do they not truly represent your skills and abilities? Where do you shine the brightest? Though SAT-optional policies are yet another thing to think about as you apply, having that choice can ultimately only work in your benefit. By making an informed and intentional decision,you have the power to shape the story you tell to admissions officers. What’s Next? Want to find out more about test-optional schools specifically?Check out our in-depth guide to see all 500+ test-optional schools, and get tips on whether to apply to them or not. Even among universities that do require SAT scores, there’s some variation in how they look at your scores.Check out the full list of colleges that superscore the SAT, and learn how this info could completely transform your approach to test prep. Exploring your standardized testing options? Many colleges also superscore the ACT. Click here for the full list and for strategies on how to get your best ACT score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

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Hiistory - Assignment Example 2. A response to the given statement should seek to make the speaker understand how the views expressed by him are a result of the colonialist discourse that not only wiped out thousands of Native Americans, but also seeks to erase any memory of them. History, as they say, is written by the victorious. This is an example of an attempt to remove the subaltern from books of history. 3. A significant difference in the way Native Americans perceived the world from the Europeans was in the way gender roles was organized. They followed a matrilineal system of inheritance. This meant that women were the ones who held property. This would mean that a much greater respect was accorded to women. This is a significant difference from the Europeans who settled in America and denied property rights to women and treated them as inferior to men. 4. Slavery in Africa was carried out by the indigenous tribes of the place who belonged to the same race. Slavery existed as a part of the social fabric th at placed the peasants and the slaves together, with the peasants on a higher plane than the slaves. This later was a factor in the export of slaves from Africa. Slavery in the Americas, however, was carried out by people of different races. ... A group of aristocrats were also part of the group of migrants who landed in America, for the purpose of administration of the new colony. Another reason why the English people migrated to North America was the most obvious and probably the most important reason-the search for new land and resources to augment the development of England. 6. The primary reason why England wanted to establish colonies was to procure more resources from another continent that would enable a greater standard of living for its own population. Apart from this, it was also easy for the British to get a lot of indigenous products that belonged to the native tribes by cheating them or through extortion. Trade, thus was another important reason for England to establish colonies in North America. Another reason for England to establish colonies in North America was the political situation at the time when England was engaged in a great rivalry with the French and wanted to compete with them in their trade with the Native Americans. 7. An Indentured servant is a laborer who works without any wages and is provided food, clothing, shelter and transportation. The initial immigrants of North America found it very difficult to procure servants to work in the fields because of the high wages that had to be paid. Indentured servants helped solve this problem and formed a part of the society that helped build the colonies in North America. Later, they formed an important part of the population of these countries as they did not leave them for their homelands. 8. A similarity between the colonies in Africa and the colonies in North America was the fact that in both of these places, the

Trustworthiness of Qualitative Writing and Research Methodology Essay - 12

Trustworthiness of Qualitative Writing and Research Methodology - Essay Example Richardson and Adams explore the topic of qualitative research by attempting to analyze key aspects of qualitative writing. Richardson notes that in the world of qualitative writing two sets namely, literary and scientific exist. She notes that even though there seems to be a blur between the two genres, the distinction between them lies in the nature of the claim made by the author in the article. However, Richardson observes that post-modern ideas have helped resolve this issue, as it has made it easier to tell between based on such concepts as post-structuralism, a concept, she notes, that allows us to link the language used, social organization, subjectivity, and power. She observes that this interconnection directs qualitative writers towards understanding themselves reflexively, and equally frees them from consolidating all information that targets a myriad of an audience in one piece, instead of developing different pieces for the different audience. Postmodernism also claims that regardless of the extent to which a writer tries to suppress his/her presence in a qualitative article, the writer is always present and that the partial and situational nature of writing is a testimony to this fact. This, therefore, implies that a qualitative paper must meet the following key criteria: the paper must contribute to a substantive understanding of social life and the analytical approaches used in the paper must give room for interpretive responses. In addition, there has to be adequate self-awareness and self-exposure that enables the reader to make a conclusive judgment about the opinion presented by the writer, and finally, the paper ought to have an impact that for instance, can motivate the need for further research on the same.

Entrepreneurship Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Entrepreneurship - Term Paper Example Entrepreneurship The paper provides a deeper insight into the different perspectives associated with the concept of entrepreneurship in different types of startups, contexts and roles with the aim of evaluating my personal skills and competencies in this direction. Different types of entrepreneurial ventures require different skills and level of competencies. The size of enterprise depends on the ability of the entrepreneur to accumulate the desired investment to develop and support resource allocation for operations. Thus entrepreneurship refers to an enterprise that exploits existing opportunities through the optimized usage of available resources for the purpose of profit making. While profit making and revenue generation may be the primary objectives of entrepreneurial activities the fact that these enterprises cannot be assumed without risks is a ground reality. Entrepreneurship in the current business environment presents multiple challenges in the form of global markets, intense competition, technology advances, and competency management that shape the competitive advantage of firms. The contribution of entrepreneurs to economic growth and development cannot be ignored, however, a key dimension to this perspective is the ability of the entrepreneur to lead the enterprise and overcome environmental challenges that shape the industry trends. This involves the ability to identify opportunities, the skill to harness resources and the competency to mitigate risks inherent in business ventures. Leadership and managerial capability feature a high priority among potential entrepreneurs (Scheiner). The paper provides a deeper insight into the different perspectives associated with the concept of entrepreneurship in different types of startups, contexts and roles with the aim of evaluating my personal skills and competencies in this direction. Types of startup and its demand on entrepreneurship Different types of entrepreneurial ventures require different skills and level of competencies. The size of enterprise depends on the ability of the entrepreneur to accumulate the d esired investment to develop and support resource allocation for operations. There are several factors that need to be considered before starting a micro enterprise. The first and foremost requirement is an in-depth understanding and knowledge of the business context and the various aspects that drive the market trends and consumer behavior in the particular segment (Henry). This involves a good knowledge of basic business management practices and knowledge in the areas of accounting, marketing, inventory, costing and pricing. One of the primary constraints facing any startup venture is the lack of adequate financial resources that limits the scope of undertaking an in-depth market assessment and research required for promoting business enterprises. Capital funding from financial institutions expose a certain degree of risk that can discourage many individuals from taking entrepreneurial initiatives (Scheiner). Among other constraints facing the micro and small enterprise developmen t initiatives is lack of adequate knowledge and information related to industry trends, market behavior and consumer preference. Resource shortages in terms of lack of necessary equipments can also impact the ability of entrepreneurs to undertake risks. Medium and large enterprise start-ups are capital intensive and cannot be undertaken on individual basis. A strategic alliance or partnership where stakeholders have a mutual interest in promoting business goals is an important aspect related to this kind of entrepreneurship. In such cases, the entrepreneurs seek venture capital and external sources of funding to promote

Trustworthiness of Qualitative Writing and Research Methodology Essay - 12

Trustworthiness of Qualitative Writing and Research Methodology - Essay Example Richardson and Adams explore the topic of qualitative research by attempting to analyze key aspects of qualitative writing. Richardson notes that in the world of qualitative writing two sets namely, literary and scientific exist. She notes that even though there seems to be a blur between the two genres, the distinction between them lies in the nature of the claim made by the author in the article. However, Richardson observes that post-modern ideas have helped resolve this issue, as it has made it easier to tell between based on such concepts as post-structuralism, a concept, she notes, that allows us to link the language used, social organization, subjectivity, and power. She observes that this interconnection directs qualitative writers towards understanding themselves reflexively, and equally frees them from consolidating all information that targets a myriad of an audience in one piece, instead of developing different pieces for the different audience. Postmodernism also claims that regardless of the extent to which a writer tries to suppress his/her presence in a qualitative article, the writer is always present and that the partial and situational nature of writing is a testimony to this fact. This, therefore, implies that a qualitative paper must meet the following key criteria: the paper must contribute to a substantive understanding of social life and the analytical approaches used in the paper must give room for interpretive responses. In addition, there has to be adequate self-awareness and self-exposure that enables the reader to make a conclusive judgment about the opinion presented by the writer, and finally, the paper ought to have an impact that for instance, can motivate the need for further research on the same.

Simulation technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Marx Communist Manifesto Summary Essay Example for Free

Marx Communist Manifesto Summary Essay All throughout history, there has always been a sense of hierarchy in society such as the elites over the peasants, aristocrats over plebeians, etc. Although there was much societal change in the time of revolution, this subordination of classes did not. Sprouted from feudal society, bourgeois continues the division of societal classes: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat. The work of the Proletariats was to simply find jobs and work. They’d continue working so long as it increased the capital. However, Proletariats did not need any â€Å"individual character† to be working. They were simply an â€Å"appendage† to the machines in the factories. Not much skill or education was needed to work these machines, therefore, the cost of producing the materials was very limited. As work increased, their wages would decrease. As industry increased, so did the Proletariat. Factories were quickly becoming packed with more laborers. Conditions of living for them began to equalize, however their wages seemed to fluctuate in response to the competition between other factories. Technologically, the machines weren’t advancing due to their reliance on the workers to expedite production anyway. This began to tear down the Proletariats vivacious livelihood, so they began to create groups against the Bourgeoisie. Their banding together helped them keep better track on the stability of the wages and were more powerful in their occasional revolts. At times, they would be successful in these revolts. However, their real success stemmed from their lies. The contin ual oppressed behavior of the Proletariat was no longer compatible with society.

Information Systems in Retail and Fashion: Zara

Information Systems in Retail and Fashion: Zara Fashion industry is one of the most competitive markets with many competitions between companies and brands. Among those, Zara from Inditex has stood out as a unique organization with special knowledge and abilities in revolutionary supply chance, processes, management style and implementation of Information and Information Technology. This report aims to analyse the reason and the contribution of Information System and Information Technology in this success. INTRODUCTION Recently Inditex, the parent company that owns Zara, has received new members to the Board of Directors who have vast experience and knowledge of finance. However they have little understanding about the Fashion Industry and Information Technology. The intention of the following report is to give the new members a concise overview of the fashion industry, Zara and the importance of the relation they have with Information Technology. In order to do that, this report will cover topics such as, the Fashion Industry, the success of Zara in the Fashion Industry, the importance of Supply Management in Zaras success and the use of Information Technology in Zaras fashion business model. BODY Fashion a competitive industry The fashion world is very complex; it is not only about the appearance. There are many factors which contribute to the fashion industry such as: culture, style, creativity and many more. The fashion world is competitive because different people have different taste. Businesses wants to capture the trend to suit peoples desire before their competitors. The clothing reflects on the personality and characteristic of the person, which therefore creates options for businesses as they can choose their preferred target. This could also be due to the culture impact as this is where a persons personality is developed. This is one reason as to why the fashion industry produces different type products. Also businesses depends on the BIG BRAND fashion shows, so they can create new styles which are similar to those seen on the show to attract more customers. Also businesses needs to be able to keep up with the trend in order stratify their customers, as fashion world changing frequently. Clothes can reflect on your social status which can be clearly defined in the word brand. Brand is an additional reason which makes the fashion world competitive. Rich people will feel good to have luxury goods which are called big brands because their status are reflected upon these. Well known brands present their product as high quality. Therefore the middle level brand and non brand forms, encourages people with lower purchasing power to buy clothes. Consequently everyone is able to buy clothes they desire. Success of Zara Zara is considered to be one of the pioneers of fast fashion industry and has been dominating the fashion industry across the world for almost two decades. Some aspects that lead to Zaras success are as follows: Zara is able to adapt to the changing market trends very quickly and meet the customer demands based on the research on current market trends. One of the important key factors that were essential for the success of Zara was, they had their art head quarters with designers, factories and distribution centres all onsite. While most of the competitors moved Far East for much cheaper production, Zara decided to make the clothes at Spain to reduce the lead times and could also make the clothes faster and get them to stores at much faster rate. Another aspect is to supply small amounts to each store and monitor which design sold more and produce the design that makes the maximum sale, instead of holding stocks at inventory. The store managers take the task of monitoring the design which sells more and transform it to production managers and they decide how many garments are to be manufactured and transported to the local shops. Zara maintained a short lead time to keep up with the fast fashion supply chain and always a step ahead when compared with its competitors. From the indentifying step to final product only take 30-days. Key processes and Information Systems contribution The important processes are: Ordering: is done based on current market trends and customer feedbacks. Designing: based on the orders given. Manufacturing: After manufacturing the clothes are sent to the distribution centres. Distribution: From the distribution centres the garments are sent to the stores. Improvement of process using IT: It saves lot of time Handwork is reduced Information flow being made easier Information is kept in the computer database Information Systems and Information Technology Unlike other companies have to spend large amount of money to gain advantages from Information Technology and then pay more money to maintain it, Inditex invests very little on Information System which is referred to simple Technologies Application at Inditex are written and maintained by an IT staff of 50, which accounts for less than 0.5% of the companys workforce (McAfee, A 2004). Part of Zaras Information System focuses on the communication between its retailers stores and the head-quarter in La Coruà ±a. Every store of Zara is equipped with the PDAs and DOS based point-of-sales (POS) software so that every order from customer will transfer directly to the head-quarter for analysis purposes. This system is also used for collecting customer comments and opinions on styles and design thus will be used to support the design team to provide exactly products that meet the real-time needs of markets demand. Another use of Information System in Zara is that the stores manager can order goods concerned to quantitative and design which they think will sell best for their local markets. However, this information transferring process is not using more complex technology than dial-up internet to transmit the information twice a week. Also, based on the Annual Report for Stakeholders (2007) Inditex mentioned the implementation of Store Management Terminal (SMT) at every store to strengthen the communication within store, warehouse and management department. Another recent implementation of Information System is the Internet Store (www.ZaraHome.com) which is brought out as receiving online orders and feedbacks from customers. Besides that, computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) that converts designs into tangible products. Designers use the CAD/CAM to quickly make the final products based on customers demands. Role of Information System and Information Technology One of the particular characteristic, known as a unique and a pioneer, of Zara is reduced time in whole process from customers demands to shipping fulfilled products to stores, supply chain. Like fashion shows in Paris, Zara uses this fashion to draw the designs, transmit these designs to Spain, and finalise them within 15 days; whereas, this process takes about six weeks for other competitors do, according to Folpe (2000). One of the methods of reducing lead time is the implementation of Information Technology Zara staffs have to use Information System in this process: Computer hardware and software are used to design and store design patterns. Computers and internet are used to transmit these designs to Spain. Computers and internet are used to communicate; emails, VoIP, video conferences. Information Technology is used to monitor, manage, and process whole process of making products. The robotic system in factory is used to cut fabrics, software or program is used to control robot in terms of cutting fabrics, printing image on products, packing clothes, and controlling conveyer belts as well. Information system is also used to communicate with suppliers where to get materials, with divisions of operation inside the factory to run whole process effectively and efficiently, and with distributors for shipping as well. As part of the important processes. Recording feedbacks from customers is crucial. And it has been strengthened by the implementation of Information Technology. As Jessup and Valacich (2008) said that Information System/ Technology can help to do things faster, better, smarter. Zara has considered as successful example of information and technology ethically. Could Zara be successful without Information Technology? Many companies in the fashion industry are based on a demand-driven and network based supply chain where data-flow and effectiveness delivery of products are crucial to success. This success in the fashion industry cannot be achieved without a significant investment Information technology. Information technology overcomes communication barriers and helps to interconnect all the entities in the supply chain by sharing information. These facts demonstrate the important role that a proper Information technology investment has in the success of an organization in the fashion industry. Recommended improvement in Information Technology and Information System More effective improvements in Information System could support Zara as it could support the relationship and communication with other companies and within Zara. These advantages can be done by the implementation of new Information Technology and Information System: Maintaining the producing process always stay at the top performance by supporting stock supplying through better understanding with the material suppliers, scheduling the delivery time more efficient, or technical support immediate associate with manufacturing engines problems. Supporting expanse and off-shoring decision by make sure the head-quarter can monitoring the business as well as understanding the new market through analysing sales and customers feedbacks. Investment in building private information network within the organization will maximise the ability of flowing of information, efficient management and better security. Security in Zara Data safety: In case of system crashed or any thread that can destroy data. Inditexs report (2007) written there are contingency systems in the event of computer stoppage, with double equipment and data storage in a different location to the main Centre, which would reduce the consequences of a breakdown or stoppage to a margin of just a few hours. Information security: By using of hardware and software, Zara can avoid destruction of virus, stealing from spyware. Operation safety: Robotics system does not only cut down time of process but also limit accidents that may cause by workers mistakes. Transaction security: any payment from customers paid by cards need to be secured and any online transaction as well. Communication amongst branches: make sure that communication system amongst branches around the world is uninterrupted. The role of supply chain management Since fashion tendencies are short-lived, the success of a company in the fashion industry lies on its ability to meet demand and respond quickly to fluctuations and change (Strategic Direction, 2005). This success is only possible if an excellent agile supply chain management system is present to respond to these demands. Supply Chain Management is an approach to control and join together all the activities, it also improves the connection between all the entities in the chain supply, by the linkage of all the departments leads to fast and proper delivery of high quality products. Liz Barnes and Gaynor Lea-Greenwood (2006) stated that management strategy moves to achieve success and respond demands along with fluctuations in the market: Just-in-Time, agile supply chain and quick responsive systems. Just-in-time , according to Bruce (2004), is a term in that defines the ( delivery of finished goods to meet demand without carrying up front supply chain inventory , but in time to meet market demand. This is retailer driven concept aimed at reducing costs for businesses in the supply chain). Agile Supply Chains, the concept of agility in the supply chain management is centred on responsiveness (Christopher et al., 2004); as it was mention before the fashion industry is unstable and unpredictable, therefore the ability of being responsive in this industry is a crucial factor for any companys success. It was proposed by Harrison (Christopher et al, cited in Harrison 1999) that an agile supply chain has the following characteristics: Market sensitive: the capability of read and respond to real demand and capturing emerging trends by analysing point-of-sale data from customers feedback. Virtual: an agile supply chain is virtual for the reason that connects and shares information on real demand between all the partners in the supply chain, this contributes to collaborative planning. Network-based: it means working closely with other specialists, for instance Zara, which assigns all its finishing stages of manufacturing to small subcontractors. Process aligned: is the ability of an agile supply chain to have a high degree of process interconnectivity and cooperation between network members. Quick response is a key strategy in the fast fashion market that focuses on the ability of an organisation to provide the customer the same quantity of different range of high quality products at the right time, the right place and the right price. This is achieved because of the real-time customer/ consumer demand system, where the clients feedback influences decisions in the manufacturing, distribution and speed of delivery processes. Risky in supply chance management Zaras current model of supply chain has endured for more than two decades and has generated multiple successes for the company. On the other hand, this approach could create some risks for the company. Michael A. Lewis (2004) explores what could be a possible risk in the supply chain; Zara is characterized by exclusivity and maintaining limited supply, consequently for instance, a costumer that often buy at Zara finds a new product but is in limited supply, this customer likes what he wants but feels pressure because if it does not get it immediately, it is certain that it will lose the chance to purchase it in the near future. As a consequence some of Zaras costumers will be left out. E-commerce for Zara Zara has archived tremendous success with its retail stores over the world. So should it expanses on the online market? The yes side: Zara could get in touch with foreign markets that have not been reached so far. Improvement in customer satisfaction will lead to better reputation. Using internet based sales can be considered a good way of advertisement. Providing opportunity for customer to check new products. Earn more profit from selling rather than focus on retail stores. Easier to get feedbacks and requests from customers on specific or general products. The no side: Cost associated with delivery will become a huge burden for business. More sophisticated in management. Heavily investment on Information System / Technology is required to gain benefits and overcome security issues. Increasing in threats of losing confidential information. Style copying from competitors is also a problem. Customer may not passionate with this new type of transaction since most people prefer to try on products before making decision. CONCLUSION To conclude, the success of Zara is formed by the outstanding management in supply chance and processes and the brilliant in implementation of Information System. By understanding deeply the use and meaning of Information System, Zara has applied and improved its use to build up the certain victory in this highly competition environment. However, Zara should think of improvements in suitable Information System and Technology to gain more competition advantages in the future. REFERENCE LIST Barnes, L., Lea-Greenwood, G. (2006, July). Fast fashioning the supply chain: shaping the research agenda. Journal of Fashion Marketing Management, 10(3), 259-271, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 13612026, Viewed 15 April 2009. Clive, Edwards, Sore Wars: Fast Fashion, BBC learning. Creating agile supply chains in the fashion industry. (2004). International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Retrieved April 28, 2009, E-Journals, EBSCOhost, ISSN 09590552, Viewed 15 April 2009. Echikson, W (2000), The Mark Of Zara, Issue 3683, 29 May, p98 100, 2p. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 00077135, Viewed 10 April 2009. Ferdows, K, Lewis, M , Machuca, J (2004) Harvard Business Review, Academic Search complete Nov2004, Vol. 82 Issue 11, p104-110. Viewed 15 April 2009. Ferdows, K., Lewis, M., Machuca, J. (2003). Zara. Supply Chain Forum: International Journal; 2003, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p62-66, 5p, 1 graph, 3 bw, Business Source Complete, -EBSCOhost , ISSN 16246039, viewed 20 April 2009. Ferdows, K., Lewis, M., Machuca, J. (2004). Rapid-Fire Fulfillment. Harvard Business Review, 82(11), 104-110. Retrieved April 28, 2009, Health Business Fulltext Elite, EBSCOhost, ISSN 00178012, Viewed 15 April 2009. Folpe, Jane M (2000), Zara Has a Made-to-Order Plan for Success, Vol. 142 Issue 5, April, p80-80, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 00158259. Viewed 15 April 2009. How Zara fashions its supply chain: Home is where the heart is. (2005). Strategic Direction, Retrieved April 28, 2009, E-Journals, EBSCOhost, ISSN 02580543, Viewed 15 April 2009. Inditex 2007, Annual Report 2007. Inditex 2008 Press Kit (2008). Jessup, L. and Valcich, J. (2008), Information System Today: Managing in The Digital World, 3rd Ed, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. McAfee, A. (2004). Do You Have Too Much IT?. MIT Sloan Management Review, 45(3), 18-22., Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 15329194, viewed 20 April 2009. Textile and apparel supply chain management in Hong Kong. (2006). International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, Retrieved April 28, 2009, E-Journals, EBSCOhost, ISSN 09556222, Viewed 15 April 2009. The future of fast fashion. (2005). Economist, June 18, Vol. 375 Issue 8431, p57-58, 2p, 1 graph, 1 color, Humanities International Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 0013061, Viewed 20April 2009. APPENDIX Appendex 1 Zara ´s Architectural team (Inditexs annual report 2007, p.34) Appendix 2 Inditexs conferences (Inditexs annual report 2007, p.132) Appendix 3 Computer room in headquarter in Spain (BBC-Store Wars) How Light Reacts Through Different Mediums | Experiment How Light Reacts Through Different Mediums | Experiment Audry Alburquerque Abstract: The goal of this experiment was to determine how does light react when it travels through different mediums. The student had to answer one question: â€Å"How does light react as it goes through lenses and as it traverses liquids?† And her possible hypotheses were: â€Å"If I use the Geometric Optics program to see how light reacts when passing through different lenses, then I will see that light either converges, concave lenses, or diverges, concave lenses, because light either reflects or refracts and If I use Bending Light software to see how light reacts when passing through a fluid, then I will be able to see that it bends depending on the angle because of the law of refraction and the index of refraction. In an experiment in which the student used the Geometric Optics program and the Bending Light program, she concluded that her hypothesis was right, because as she changed the mediums in the virtual lab, light’s direction changed. Lab 12.8 – Light: During this experiment, the student had to find out how does light react as it goes through lenses and as it traverses liquids. In order to answer this question, she created two hypotheses: If I use the Geometric Optics program to see how light reacts when passing through different lenses, then I will see that light either converges, concave lenses, or diverges, concave lenses, because light either reflects or refracts and If I use Bending Light software to see how light reacts when passing through a fluid, then I will be able to see that it bends depending on the angle because of the law of refraction and the index of refraction. The relationship between the focal length f, image distance di, and object distance do is a formula: 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f. In a spherical mirror, an object or image behind the mirror has negative distance and is virtual.The focal length of a convex mirror is negative and the image distance is always negative. An object placedfarther or closer than the focal point in front of a convex mirror produces a reduced, upright, virtual image. An object that is closer to the concave mirror than the focal point always produces an enlarged and virtual image. An object that is beyond the focal point always produces an inverted, real image. Rays of light that pass through the convex lens move closer together or converge. Rays of light that pass through the concave lens spread out or diverge. (Nirenberg, Kim, Kim, Sect. 20.2) The Lensmaker’s equation is: P = 1/f = (n-1) (1/R1 1/R2 + (n-1) d/nR1R1). The spherometer consists of a base circle of three outer legs, a ring, or the equivalent, havi ng a known radius of the base circle, a central leg, and a reading device for measuring the distance the central leg is moved.(Wikipedia, 2014) Three principal rays form part in the construction of ray diagrams for convex mirrors: a ray that would pass through the focal point is reflected parallel to the principal axis; a ray that is parallel to the principal axis reflects as if in line with the focal point; a ray that would pass through the center of curvature is reflected back upon itself. (Nirenberg, Kim, Kim, Sect. 20.2) The minimum value that the index of refraction can have is 1. The index of refraction of air is: 1.000293, water: 1.3330, ordinary glass: 1.50, and polycarbonate plastic: 1.5849. (Wikipedia, 2014) The speed of light in a vacuum is 3.00 x 108 m/s. (Nirenberg, Kim, Kim, Sect. 19.4) The relationship between the speed of light and the index of refraction is the formula: n = c/v. (HyperPhysics, 2012) Methods: The student used a computer, Geometric Optics simulation program, and Bending light simulation program. She ran both programs: http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/geometric-optics and http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light and tried to learn how to use them. The student analyzed the differences that exist between a real image and a virtual image. Later, using the ruler, she gathered data to solve for focal distance and magnification of the lens using the mirror formula. Later she opened http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light and familiarized with the program. She recorded what happened when she changed the index of refraction of one or two materials. The student also analyzed which tool was better for measuring angles, and what beam was better also for the angles. After following each possible step properly, the class ended, so the student had to continue her methods at her house on the following days. Results/Data Collection/Calculations: Lens’s refractive index (n): 1.8 and the radius of curvature (R): 0.7m. 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/120.0cm +1/66.0cm = 0.023cm-1 = 43.5cm M = -di/do = -66.0cm/120.0cm = -0.550 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/90.0cm + 1/81.0cm = 0.023cm-1 = 43.5cm M = -di/do = -81.0cm/90.0cm = -0.900 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/60.0cm + 1/148.9cm = 0.023cm-1 = 43.5cm M = -di/do = -148.9cm/60.0cm = -2.48 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/30.0cm + 1/-88.0cm = 0.022cm-1 = 45.5cm M = -di/do = 88.0cm/30.0cm = 2.93 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/15.0cm + 1/-11.9cm = -0.017cm-1 = -58.8cm M = -di/do = 11.9cm/15.0cm = 0.793 Lens’s refractive index (n): 1.25 and the radius of curvature (R): 0.80m 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/120.0 + 1/130.0cm = 0.016cm-1 = 62.5cm M = -di/do = -130.0cm/120.0cm = -1.083 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/90.0cm + 1/110cm = 0.020cm-1 = 50cm M = -di/do = -110cm/90.0cm = -1.22 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/60.0cm + 1/80.0cm = 0.029cm-1 = 34.5cm M = -di/do = -80.0cm/60.0cm = -1.33 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/30.0cm + 1/45.0cm = 0.056cm-1 = 17.9cm M = -di/do = -45.0cm/30.0cm = -1.50 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/15.0cm + 1/30.0cm = 0.100cm-1 = 10cm M = -di/do = -30.0cm/15.0cm = -2.00 Analysis/Discussion/Conclusion: The main goal of this experiment was to determine how does light react when it travels through different mediums. After she finished the experiment, she learned how light reacts as it goes through lenses and liquids. The student realized that both of her hypothesis were right: â€Å"If I use the Geometric Optics program to see how light reacts when passing through different lenses, then I will see that light either converges, concave lenses, or diverges, concave lenses, because light either reflects or refracts and If I use Bending Light software to see how light reacts when passing through a fluid, then I will be able to see that it bends depending on the angle because of the law of refraction and the index of refraction. Her conclusion was that these hypotheses were right because light does not behave the same through different materials, and the bending of the light that she predicted in her hypotheses matched with the virtual lab. The student learned that with the increasing of the index of refraction of a material, the focal distance decreased. In the Bending Light part when she had to measure angles, the protractor was the best tool. Geometric Optics and Bending Light programs are a little complex, but they are helpful when it comes to understanding how does light act depending on the circumstances. References: Boundless. (2014). The Lensmaker’s Equation. Boundless. Retrieved from https://www.boundless.com/physics/geometric-optics/lenses/the-lensmaker-s-equation/ HyperPhysics. (2012). Refraction of Light. C.R. Nave. Retrieved from http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geoopt/refr.html Nirenberg, I., Kim, J., Kim, J. (2013). CK-12 physics – intermediate. CK-12 Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-PhysicsIntermediate/r12/section/20.0/ Oocities.org. (2014). Ray Diagrams Pics. Oocities.org. Retrieved from http://www.oocities.org/rjwarren_stm/2P4/RayDiagramsPics.gif Phet. (2013). Geometric optics. University of Colorado. Retrieved from http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/geometric-optics Phet. (2013). Bending light. University of Colorado. Retrieved from http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light Wikipedia. (January 28, 2014). List of refractive indices. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_refractive_indices#List Wikipedia. (November 18, 2013). Spherometer. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherometer