Convenience and Future of ATMs in my Community Essay Example for Free

Convenience and Future of ATMs in my Community EssayAutomatic Teller Machines (ATM) put one over made our life aristocratic and convenient in many ways. With more and more ATMs being installed from street corners to local retails, from come to the foreside the bank to shopping malls, they are hard to miss. Gone are they days when we study to stand in line inside banks waiting to be served by tellers? Transaction now processed with just the click of a few buttons. History and Development Luther George Simjian, in 1939, had the first idea to place an ATM in banks (Bellis, n. d. ). He was to place them in holes so that bank clients brush aside make their transaction through the window.This was first tested in New Yorks commencement National City Bank now Citicorp but was later spurned due to the lack of demand of customers (Bellis, n. d. ). The first truly cash-dispensing machine was created by John Shepherd-Barron from De La Rue Instruments called De La Rue Automatic Cash System, or DACS (International Merchant Services, n. d. ). They were checks bought in advance from tellers and was impregnated with Carbon 14 in order for the machines to detect them (Bellis, n. d. ). It was installed and placed in Barclays bank in London (International Merchant Services, n. d. ).In 1969, the first magnetic razz was introduced. It was created by Don Wetzel who was working with Docutel. He had the patent along with Tom Barnes and George Chastain. It was installed in a New York based chemic Bank (Bellis, n. d. ). Later, Docutel developed the first truly ATM machine that we are familiar nowadays. It was placed in the wall and outside the bank. However, the first ATMs did non this instant accessed your personal account when withdrawing money from it. Instead, they were initially offered to the banks credit flyer holders with good credit standings (Bellis, n. d. ).They were only cash advancements from the clients credit card rather than debiting them directly from the account. It was farthest from what we know of today where ATMs can do almost everything an ordinary teller can do such as deposits, transfers money from checking to savings, cash advances to your credit card and takes payments. How ATMs Work ATM works by providing users and clients with a remote access with their bank accounts. These machines are connected to the bank accounts through internet connection to the banks database where it has entropy on the amount of money in the account (Bowen, 2000).The magnetic part of the card stores information of the user such as account round and the good day code. Once the user has entered the correct code it will verify it to the users bank and will send out verification on the transaction that has to be made. The card then dispenses the money using an electronic eye and detector to determine the bills that are sent out. The sensor detects if there are stuck or worn out bills and places them in the discard tray and issues the user the required transactions (Bowen, 2000).Once the transactions are made, they are logged in the machines journal in field of study the client has disputes on the transactions. Growth of the ATM The popularity of the ATM is undisputed today. The number of ATMs installed today shows its success and effectiveness on both the banks and their clients. Banks have embraced this technology because of three reasons (Islam, Sheel, Biswas, n. d. ). First, banks improve their financial, selling and competitive positions by attracting clients and increasing their revenue by increasing their services such as loans and financial packages (Islam, et.al. , n. d. ). ATMs provided human resources with more time to process communicate that ATMs cannot process, thus, it increased the efficiency of tellers providing better services to their clients increasing the income of banks. Further, customers are now looking for banks with more access to ATMs for their convenience and accessibility. Second, ATMs can perform many of the tasks than tellers do and in the long run they are easier to maintain and cost considerably less than their human counterparts (Islam, et. al. , n. d. ). Installing ATMs reduces the work load of tellers.The increase in number of clients for a bank means that they would need more resources to cater to their customers. ATM machines are more efficient for they need no training and less precaution (Islam, et. al. , n. d. ). Banks realize this cost effective way of providing service and provided more and more machines for their clients (Ferrari, Verboven, Degryse, 2007). Last, ATM machines serve as factors for marketing decisions for financial institutions (Islam, et. al. , n. d. ). Banks would first place ATMs in potential locations for establishing bank branches.They would first see if there are enough clients for them in the area before finally establishing a bank in the area. ATMs today can also provide cash advances from credit cards depending on the allowable l imit of the card. Another convenience provided for the users is the added feature of ATM cards. They can now be used as a debit card similar to that of the credit card. However, users must make sure that they have enough cash in their accounts to make similar purchases with that of the credit card. Problems Facing ATMs ATMs, though beneficial for most of its users, has their flaws and problems.They are most of the times reliable but sometimes they do decompose down and need some maintenance. It is sometimes out of service and needs overhaul and it needs to replenish its cash contents. These are the common problems of ATM machines. First time users of the machine may also find it difficult to use them and may be complex for them. However, this can be learned easily with a few tries at the machine. Others, on the other hand, points out those ATMs dispense only a certain denomination of money. Customers are either to transact lower or higher than what they really need but seldom exact ly the cash they wanted.Finally, clients are sometimes frustrated when the machine captures their cards especially if they badly need the cash and they do not have any other ATMs available to them. Personal Application In Scottsbluff, Nebraska, ATM machines are normally situated in local shops within the community. There is also one located inside my local bank that has my account. Locations where there are many people passing by also have ATM machines installed within the area. This provides convenience and accessibility for users who need cash.Further, people who have no private cars can easily access these machines and do their transactions without the going to the bank. Further, they are easier to install than constructing new bank branches. Personally, ATMs have its own advantages and disadvantages. The most beneficial would be convenience and accessibility. People do not need to do their transaction within the bank or during banking hours. They can even do it during the night or even in another state. ATMs in the shopping mall have a business value for the mall other than having people to just withdraw cash from the machine.If users withdraw money in the mall, they are likely to spend some of it in the same mall. Citizens of Scottsbluff are also most likely to spend a portion of their money in the Newsagents, chip shop, hairdressers and the two public houses. These places have ATM machines located near them. However, there are some disadvantages. Some ATMs have surcharges if you are using a machine from a different bank other than yours. People using these machines 2-3 times per week, can have surcharges that may have a sizable amount. except this is still very minimal compared to the benefits that these machines provide us. Another disadvantage of ATMs in some areas of the community is those that are located inside shops that close early. These machines would have modified access to potential users and are only available only during store hours. Finall y, news of scams connected to ATM machines are becoming more common where in criminals can have access to your personal account by using a machine attached to ATMs that records your personal information as well as your account number and pin code.Conclusion The disadvantage of ATMs outweighs the advantages that it gives to its users as well as the banks that provide them. ATMs have come a long way from its beginnings. Today, it is no longer just used for simple cash dispersing but also includes a wide variety of uses including payment of bill, ATM debiting and cash advances from credit cards. Without these machines, banks would have not been as efficient as they are today and people would have not ripped the benefits of this technology.ReferencesBellis, M. (n.d.). The history of automatic teller machines or ATM. Retrieved January 29, 2009, from http//Inventors.about.com/od/astartinventions/a/atm.htmBowen, J. (2000, April 1). Howstuffworks How ATMs work. Retrieved January 29, 2009, f rom http//money.howstuffworks.com/personal-finance/banking/atm3.htmFerrari, Stijn. Verboven, Frank. Degryse, Hans. (2007, November). Investment and usage of new technologies Evidence from a shared ATM network. Retrieved January 30, 2009, from http//papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1075042Timeline The ATM history. (n.d.). Retrieved February 6, 2009, from http//www.atm24.com/NewsSection/Industry%20News/Timeline%20-%20The%20ATM%20History.aspx.Islam, Rafiqul. Sheel, Samir Kumar. Biswas, Pallab Kumar. (n.d.). Customer satisfaction of ATM service A case study of HSBC ATM. Retrieved January 30, 2009, from http//papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=990242

Psychology and Pets Essay Example for Free

Psychology and Pets EssayWhen you are tired of stress from work, pets understructure encourage you to go out for a walk to release stress or play with you in the garden. Pets bring you some moments of relaxation and mind refreshment, which makes you never feel only(a) even when you live with no one. It is obvious that pets can create new attitudes towards life for people, particularly for the disabled and withdrawn who are always not positive in communicating or taking part in social activities. By keeping pets, they may become more sociable, open and approachable because they can interact, communicate and play with their pets.Due to the advantages it offers, keeping pets becomes a popular, especially in Eastern countries, for the older generation, who often live far from their children. In these situations, pets are authentically their close friends, helping them remove the feeling of emptiness and loneliness. The companionship of pets may meet some rudimentary human need s, which is not easily explained in speculation and is believed by most people. Pets guard syndicates and birth peoples lives. In many cases, people choose to keep dogs for their home security. The houses pass on become safer because strangers might be scared that they will be attacked by the animals inside.When you are out and you leave your house empty, you do not have to worry that burglars may break into the house and take away valuable assets even when you return home at mid night. If there is any intruder or strange persons around your house, dogs will bark loudly, making a noise to frighten the stranger and give you a warning. Pets can protect not only the assets but also save peoples lives. Dogs and sometimes cats can attack the burglars to protect the owners in case they are harmed. Many owners can stay alive due to the protection from the dogs they keep in their houses.Pets enhance nice behavior among children Researchers showed that children who usually play with pet s can behave nicely and become more caring. Playing with pets and learning how to treat them with love may help uncommunicative children be agile and affable, which is important for their growth in the distant future. Kids sometimes find no interest in getting outside, but they may alter their decisions immediately if they see that they can take a cat or a dog along. Teenagers, whose parents are too busy to cast off time with them, sometimes have to face with bland lives and loneliness.In these scenarios, they consider pets to be their alter ego who they can play and talk with, which can sour some kind of emotional problems that children are vulnerable to get. It is believed that teaching kids to treat kittens and puppies with care and kindness is of great importance for forming their behaviors and characteristics. To sum up, keeping pets is not scarcely a habit but is one way of relaxation and amusement. Moreover, keeping pets does not only guard your house but also fulfills som e basic mental human needs.

Strategic importance of the Indian Ocean Region

Strategic writeance of the Indian ocean RegionThe Indian oceanic Region (IOR) has become the hub of intense global activity over the decades for various reasons. The most grievous trade routes of the knowledge domain pass through with(predicate) this region. The Indian nautical provides the predominant outlet for petroleum from the Persian Gulf to various destinations all over the world. The malacca cane Strait is a lively choke point through which the oil bound for the West coast of USA, China, Japan, Australia and other countries of South-East Asia must pass Oil being of vital interest to most nations, major powers, especially the USA, maintain a visible and credible presence in the region. Since dependence on oil will continue to increase in the future and exports from the primal Asian Republics by sea would also have to be routed through the ports of this region, the Indian Ocean is likely to witness clashes of scotch interests and a turbulent security measure environ ment. This region has been termed by some analysts, as one of the most dangerous1.The end of the Cold War has witnessed a shift in the focus of world attention to the IOR. The acquisition of nuclear small weapons by the countries of this region and proliferation of terrorism, piracy, drug trafficking and internal turmoil in several countries have make the region super volatile. External powers ar, therefore, keen to intervene, not only to mediate or reduce this volatility that also in their attempt to extend their exploit adjust up to the IOR through their physical presence. The continual economic suppression of the peoples of this region has prompted countries to form economic groupings and sub-groupings in an attempt to foster greater economic hygienic being of the IOR countries. However, these efforts have so far failed to transform into objective gains due to many reasons the primary ones being bilateral problems between nations which impact their conduct and result in mu ltilateral fora, restrictive trade regimes imposed by economically superior world powers and technological backwardness of most of the countries, necessitating their continued dependence on technologically superior nations for infrastructure and industrial development.Islands in IOR. The great Indian ridge, the Madagascar ridge and St Pauls ridge form the three main chains of islands. The strategical implications of the islands are as follows-These islands are a single source economy and do not possess any defence capability and thus remain open(a) to external intervention or seek security guarantees.These islands have strategic significance due to their location, proximity to trade routes and well developed harbours. History has borne the accompaniment that in the past, western maritime power could control the Indian Ocean and littoral countries by virtue of possessing these islands.Important mind. The Indian Ocean region has 30 straits and channels in and adjoining the Indian Ocean. The important ones are as follows-Bab-el-Mandeb (between South Yemen and Djibouti)Bass Strait (between Australian continent and Tasmania)Strait of Hormuz (between Iran and Oman)Lombok, Bali, Sunda and Makassar Straits (in the Indonesian archipelago)Singapore Strait (between Singapore and Riau island of Indonesia)Malacca Strait (between Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore)Mozambique channel (between Mozambique and Malagasy Republic.2Sea Routes. The Indian Ocean provides major sea-routes connecting the nerve center East with Europe, East Asia, Africa and US. The by-line routes are the most significant ones in the Indian Ocean and their closure would result in choking the global energy supplies-Suez Route. Suez route links Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea through Suez Channel. An important choke point in this route is Bab-al-Mandeb which connects Red Sea to Arabian Sea. Cape Route. This route provides an vary for the Suez Route and connects the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Hea vy tankers and bulk carriers due to depth restrictions in the Suez Canal also commonly use this route.Straits of Malacca. This is the most important entry to/from the Pacific Ocean and provides the shortest and most convenient link between Pacific and Indian Ocean.Economic Importance to IndiaThe Indian peninsula juts 1,980 km into the Indian Ocean with 50% of the Indian Ocean basin lying within a 1500 km radius of India, a reality that has strategic implications. Between the Gulf of Aden and Malacca Strait, is seen as Indias sphere of influence. India is one of very few (06) countries in the world to have developed the technology to extract minerals from the deep sea bed. Under the legal philosophy of the sea, by adding up the sea waterways comprising territorial zone of 20 km, contiguous zone 40 km, an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 320 km, India has exclusive rights to explore mineral wealth in an area of 150,000 square km in the Indian Ocean3.India imports 70 % of its oil requ irements, 4000 tankers come to Indian ports annually and almost 95 % of Indian trade moves by sea. Any interference to our sea lanes, coastal offshore areas and ports, will have a crippling impact on the countrys economic growth. Almost 3.5 million Indians work in Gulf countries and it is in Indias interest to ensure that the environment in Gulf remains stable4. The IO is a critical waterway for global trade and commerce. This strategic expanse hosts heavy international maritime traffic that includes half(a) of the worlds containerized cargo, one third of its bulk cargo and devil third of its oil shipment. Its waters carry heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia, and contain an estimated 40% of the worlds offshore oil production. In addition to providing precious minerals and energy source, the oceans fish are of great importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export.Oil.Persian Gulf caters for 61% of oil reserves and 26 % of gas reserves of the entire world. The Strait of Hormuz is by far the worlds most important oil choke point with an estimated 15.5 million barrels of oil merge through it each day. The other critical choke point is Malacca Strait and over 60,000 vessels and 10 million barrels of oil is transported through it5. In addition to US, bulk of oil for Japan, South Korea and China passes through the Indian Ocean which makes their concern for ensuring the free access and a certain degree of influence in the region an absolute necessity.Oil demand in developing countries is expect to grow at a fast rate. By 2020 China is expected to be the largest energy consumer and its dependence on the import is likely to be of tune of 80% in 2010. Japan currently imports 95% of its oil from the Middle East. Thus, the relevance of Gulf as an energy snapper in the foreign policies of China and Japan is going to continue in the future. A study of the trends in oil consumptio n has shown a distinct rise in all countries.Geo-Strategic ImperativesThe Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfield of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia. Iran, India and western sandwich Australia. An estimated 40% of the worlds offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands, rich in heavy minerals, and offshore deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Thailand.Today, nearly 20 million shipping containers are moving around the globe earned by fewer than 4000 hulls. The explosion of trans-oceanic trade has made commerce more vulnerable, not only in the obvious sense that economies have grown more interdependent, but also because, even as the garishness of shipped loads increased, the number of significant cargo carriers has reduced because of the increasing size of commercial vessels, from supertankers to container ships. The Straits of Malacca, the worlds second busiest sea lane, assume relevance here. 80% of Japans oil supplies and 60% of Chinas oil supplies are shipped through the Straits of Malacca. US$ 70 billion worth of oil passes through the straits each year. Almost half the worlds containerized traffic passes through this choke point. Most of the ships approach the straits through the 10 degree channel between the Andaman and Nicobar islands. India, thus, has the potential to dominate a strategic sea lane. India has established its first tri-service command, the AN Command at Port Blair in the Andamans. It plans to develop Port Blair as a strategic international trade centre and build an oil terminal and transshipment port in Campbell Bay in the Nicobar islands.India is a member of the Antarctic Treaty Parties Consultative Group and has already zeal up two permanently staffed scientific bases there. It has constructed a 10,000 foot runway in Antarctica to service future missions, having completed several successful landings there.The Laccadive islands, likewise, offer the incident of India projecting its power westwards. India is just 800 km away from OS military facilities in Oman. Trade with the Gulf States is an important facet of the Indian economy from antique times.With increasing trade relations with the countries of the East, India has higher stakes in the region, in the years to come, Trade volumes with the ASEAN countries have more than doubled in a decade, from a mere $1484 million in 1993, the Indian market has emerged as one of the largest importers of South East Asian goods with imports touching $10,942 million in 20046. The recently cerebrate Free Trade Agreements with countries like Thailand and Singapore are set to contribute to this trend. Expanding markets and larg er impart flows imply not only economic prosperity but also vulnerability at sea. The incidence of piracy, armed robbery and maritime terrorism are on the rise end has placed a premium on the complexity of sea-lane defence.The northern area of the Indian Ocean is the area of great significance in economic and strategic terms. Indias foreign policy penchant towards its eastern neighbours has spurred interest and attention there. Indias burgeoning economy, now forecasted to become one of the three fastest growing economies in the world entails expansion of existing export and import markets. Being a sea faring nation with island neighbours has added to the need for safe sea-lanes in the inter-lying waters. The worlds busiest choke point in the straits of Malacca located here adds complexity to a strategic factor.

How Ethical Issues Can Affect Each Component

How Ethical Issues Can Affect Each ComponentThis report aims to describe, how honourable issues apprize tinct each component of the foodstuffing mix. The report starts of by introduction to the ethics in an organisation and the importance of business ethics in the society. The report in any case examines the various factors which have a impact on the ethical nature of the marketing decisions. Two well-known companies have been taken into account for better instinct and demonstration of the discussion.INTRODUCTIONA rose . By any some other name would smell as sweet. SHAKESPEARE, Romeo and JulietThere is an inevitable and universal cycle surrounded by consumers and marketers. The main aim of any marketer is to satisfy customer needs and wants. Marketing provides the exchange link between customers and marketers which would eventually help in change magnitude return on investment for shareholders. (Smith 1995 Dunfee, Smith, and Ross 1999)Both marketers and the consumers have di fferent mind set while selling or purchasing the results. The sole main of companies is to maximize their profit and consumers is to have a assess for money produce and go. This difference in thinking leads to conflicts on the basis of ethics. (Smith 1995, 1993)The basic ethical issues like, justice, rights, fairness and equivalence can be perceived in a different manner by consumer and the companies. (Dunfee, Smith, and Ross 1999)In some instances both(prenominal) consumers and the companies may believe on the alike(p) ethical grounds for e.g. in principle, providing a unique, value for money product and services. Whereas, research has shown that there is a wide gap between the ethical philosophies of both consumers as well as marketers, (Singhapakdi et al. 1999) which results in unethical behaviour by consumers including boycotts and protests.(Smith and Cooper-Martin 1997)IMPORTANCE OF ETHICSA CONTINGENCY APPROACH-The ethics era began around proto(prenominal) 1980s, when r esearchers and businesses started giving more than attention to the ethical side of the business. (Macchiette and Roy 1994 Smith 1995)Many theories have been proposed since then in establish to draw promote consumers rights and moral values. Including- fond contracts theory, moral decision-making theory (Laczniak and Murphy 1991), general theory of marketing ethics (Hunt and Vitell 1986) and social contracts theory (Dunfee, Smith and Ross 1999). These theories are basic and are developed anywhere from the old, classical theories including Kantian ethics and perspectives of rights, duties, and justice.The main aim of all these marketing ethics theories and even business ethics in modern world is to subjoin consumers confidence and develop trust for the companies and thus having customer loyalty. The business ethics in any case helps companies to gain competitive advantage in the market for instance- Anita Rodick- Body cuckold and Richard Bransons Virgin group. REFERENCE NEEDE DETHICAL ISSUES IN MARKETINGMarketing in any companies starts with the basic step of marketing research which is then followed by segmentation and targeting the market. Thought marketing research is followed to gain knowledge about the market and the competitors but some how- shrewdly or un-knowingly, companies tend to invade the screen of the consumers by following un-ethical method of gathering information. Even while conducting the research, researchers tend to stereotype among people in order to get the desired result which in turn results in wrong information about customer needs and demands.While sIn terms of targeting the market, companies also aim at the youthful children, who do not have the right knowledge, thus they choose the market audience of their choice knowing they will benefit the maximum. For instance- a chocolate ad will show a kid playing and eating melted chocolate but it never says, brush your teeth after having it.Now, to be more specific, we will look at the ethical issues related to the marketing mix- 4Ps.PRODUCT PRODUCT MIXThere are four major issues with products deceptive packaging, product safety, brand divisive and planned obsolescenceProduct safetySafety is first. A major impact is be make to make the product safe and take into custody for the consumers to use. Almost all the products in the market use some or the other form of technology which may or may be insalubrious for the consumers. It is the duty of the marketers to ensure the safety of the product before placing it in the market.For instance, according to BBC news, 2007, the biggest toy making company in China Mattel had recalled 9 cardinal products payable to danger from magnet and lead paint. This violates the consumers right to safety. BBC news, 2007Planned obsolescenceNothing lasts forever but the question is who and how is to decide the time frame for deciding when is the replacement required. Cars rust, frock fade or go out of fashion. If companies make efforts to increase the quality of the products, there are galore(postnominal) customers who would love to keep their cars for a longer gunpoint of time than they can. However, for the producers its a wear-out is positive as it results in increase in demand of their other goods and services/ repeat purchase. Some people argue that if the product has been planned to be obsolete form the market, it violates customers right to choose. The car manufacturers like Ford have recently come up with their latest cars having their body shells a good deal more resistant to rust proving a 3 years negligible guarantee.Ford, 2010Deceptive packagingThis is a very common practice, also known as s lack packaging followed by many companies as they show the product to be over sized by packaging effects giving customers an view of buying more for the resembling scathe than the competitor. Product such as- cereals, crisps or even soap powders are such examples.Packaging sometimes also includes de ceptive labelling. In terms of missing information on package about various ingredients or even a sentence which could be useful in consumers decision making process leads to violation of consumers right to information.Brands DivisiveBranding is something that is used by companies to differentiate their product than that of the competitors. The well known sports brand NIKE is vatic to be sport-wear of high quality, durability and is also proposed to be in the top segment in the market. Some people argue that Nike is a brand kinda than a product, much similar to the Apple ipod from Apple. Nike does not produce anything of its own. The entire production is outsourced to less developed countries like India and Indonesia. The retail price of a Nike today may be 100 on an average but according to a report from 2001, the full time wages for an employee were around the legal minimum of 17,000 Rupiahs (1.22/) per day.The problem with branding is that big brands like Nike, Apple have all the power, even though they get their products made in poor countries, wealth is unagitated in few hands solely. Working is Nike leads to a disproportion of profits and power on a global level due to which poor countries are left(a) with low margin production units.PRICE legal injury is something of value charged by the producers in exchange of his products or services. The various un-ethical pricing practices are equipment casualty fixingIt is a situation where the competitors agree to charge a fixed, raise or maintain price, in simpler terms manipulate price. Price fixing can be done for different reasons- to discriminate against small unfluctuatings, remove competition by fixing price in specific areas and enjoying monopolistic market. therefore in 1980, the Sherman Act was introduced to ensure fair pricing between both consumers and businesses.http//bizcovering.com/business-and-society/price-fixing/Bid rigging This is a situation or fraud where the commercial contracts are p romised to only one party even if there are other commandders present. Price rigging is a form of price fixing itself and is illegal in many countries. Usually occurs in big tenders for governments or private companies for construction. The ill-effects of price rigging fall on the local consumers tax payers as well as the agencies who seek to bid and thus effects the overall economy.Price discriminationIt is often referred to as price differentiation due to the fact that different price are being charged by companies for the same product or service to different customers depending on the market segment and rules set prior to the service, for instance in the strike industry a flight may charge $160 from destination A to B and the same flight may charge $200 to the same destination due travelling on a weekend. Another example can be if u book British Airways from A to B for neighboring day travelling you might end up paying almost double, what you could have paid if you would have booked in 2-3 months in advance.Price grazingMany companies follow price skimming strategies in order to gain more revenues before competitors enter the market. Apple iPhone could be the best example to explicate the skimming of prices. iPhone was launched with the buzz marketing and unique technology. They made sure that their target market will jump on the products whenever they launch. Having a high introductory price for one year, Apple gain the all the money and confidence of consumer of a superior product and later slashed the price to gain more markets. Price skimming is a temporary form of price discrimination allowing companies to recover their sunk cost.DumpingDumping or selling lower than the fair value is a situation/act where companies charge less in the foreign markets compared to that from the home markets for the same products. Dumping according to WTO is condemned but not prohibited promotionPromotion plays a very important role in welfare of the company and thus sometimes companies do anything possible to promote their offered product and services even by unscrupulous means. Advertisements tell the consumers what they would want to hear about the product. No company would ever promote or say negative aspects of their products. The Ads thus, lack in honesty and the complete truth about the features of the product.Some times while promoting certain products, companies need to make sure, they do their homework by knowing about the culture of the country in order to telecast any ad on the television as no person in Saudi Arabia would like to see women advertising about suits and fairness creams. Or no person would like to see promotion of beef burgers by McDonald in India. competitive ads sometimes can be shoddy and create controversy.Ads also have a Some Taste and controversy Negative advertisingFalse and misleading advertisingCreating demand for vice or unwholesome productsTobacco?Alcohol?Fattening foods?Pornography or sexually explicit ma terial?Intrusive promotions distanceSlotting allowances The fee charged to have their products placed on the shelves by the retailers to produce companies or manufacturers is called a slotting fee, slotting allowance, pay-to-stay, or fixed trade. It depends on factors such as the product, market conditions and the manufacturer of products and so varies greatly. For instance while the initial slotting allowance in a regional group of stores for a new product can be approximately $25,000 per item in high demand markets it can go as high as $250,000.Promotional, stocking and advertising fees are amongst the other fees that can be charged by the retailer. This practise, according to an FTC study, is widespread in the supermarket industry.Many grocers even earn more profit from agreeing to carry a manufacturers product than they do from very selling the product to retail consumers. subvertback / stock lift / lift-outGray market merchandise Generally, it is a single importer a manufactur er would work in a particular area to sell and support their products. The importer further has local dealers and distributors to whom he resells the imported products this results in a distribution channel. Gray Market, on the other hand, refers to use of methods other than these normal channels to sell and import merchandise. Items thus sold may not be meeting mandatory safety and enfranchisement codes, and so are not supported by the authorized importer and are not designed to be sold in a particular market. It also follows that as there is not a particular market for these items they may not function properly, or the authorized importer may not be equipt to provide service, support or software. OR the unofficial trading of securities that have not yet been formally issuedDiverted merchandise undivided geographic territoriesExclusive dealing agreementsTying contractsRefusal to dealEthics and the supply chainA claim to be an ethical firm would be hypocritical , if a firm turns a blind eye to the unethical practices of suppliers in a supply chain. In particularThe use of child labour and forced labour performance in sweatshopsViolation of the basic rights of workersIgnoring of health, safety and environmental standardsAn ethical producer has to be concerned with what is practiced by all firms (upstream and downstream) in the supply chain. instance STUDYOn July 4, 1977, a boycott was launched in United States against the Swiss based Nestle corporation over the companys marketing of its baby formula ( embrace milk substitute) particularly in less economically developed countries. Protesters claimed that the infant formula caused unnecessary death of suffering of babies, largely among the poor. The movement quickly spread throughout United States and expanded into Europe as well in the early 1980s.Professor Derek Jelliffe and his wife Patrice, who had contributed to establish the World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action (WABA), were particularly implemental in helping to coordinate the boycott and giving it ample visibility throughout the world.Did you know that the most efficient step in fighting infant deaths is breast milk? Breast milk works as natural vaccinations against many diseases. If all mothers in poor countries would breast feed their children for the first 6 months, and partially the next 6 months, millions of children would survive. They would develop a natural resistance against deadly diseases.Baby bottle disease, according to the finding by WHO, kills more than 1.5 million children every year. The cause of this is that the substitute for breast milk is made with unclean water and in an unhealthy environment. Even mothers with HIV would be better of breast feeding their children. In these countries breast milk substitute is lethal They are poisoning their own children to death This is murder This is child murderSo wherefore do these poor mothers give their children breast milk substitute?Nestle told them toNestle tells th em their own breast milk is unhealthyGives away free samplesBuy their way into hospitals to push their productAgainst the law uses direct advertise to mothers.Because companies like Nestl uses unethical methods to get mothers hooked on their products, World Health Assembly (WHA) made a resolution called the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes which Nestle and other manufacturers have signed. Still Nestle do not follow this code, and is reported every single year for violations. Primark tops list of unethical clothes shops in poll that shames high- roadway brandsby Jennifer Whitehead, 08-Dec-05, 1500LONDON Low-price fashion success Primark has been named the least ethical clothes brand in the UK, with Marks Spencer also scoring poorly, by a new survey highly critical of the way high street brands source their wares.The survey, which has been conducted by Ethical Consumer magazine, found that only five high street brands scored 10 or over out of 20 assessing t heir ethical standards.Primark was the switch offender, according to the survey, with a score of 2.5. It is followed by Mk One, at 3 points, with Marks Spencer, Debenhams and Gap filling out the bottom five.http//www.brandre exoteric.com/News/532319/Primark-tops-list-unethical-clothes-shops-poll-shames-high-street-brands/Child labourOn 23 June 2008, Panaroma, a BBC show, broadcasted a programme that showed unethical manufacturing practices in Primarks supply chain. Child labour practise was exposed by undercover reporters in cardinal of Indias garment factories sub-contracted by Primark. The BBC alerted Primark to their findings, to which Primark replied Under no circumstances would Primark ever knowingly permit such activities. Primark has since halted business with the mentioned suppliers, but this action by the company was criticised by child protection groups as being irresponsible and likely to cause additional hardship to the labourers. They argued ensuring better working c onditions would have been a better solution.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primark commentCONCLUSIONAll in all, it can be seen that in developing countries ethical issues in are highly sensitive to cultural, social and ethnical issues. Thus it is not just an issue of the orient versus the occident. The onus lies on the marketers themselves to not indulge in unethical practices and to respect local values and morals, in order to be a good ethical citizen in the marketing fraternity.Counterfeiting imitation, faking, pre-emption, prior registration.Consumer ethics warranty deception, mis-redemption of vouchers, returns of merchandise,recording of music and videos, software copying, false insurance claimsRECOMMENDATIONSWith public attention focused on ethics, there is a need for stricter controls in business practices, right from framing marketing strategies to finally delivering a product to the consumers.

Pricing Strategy For Retail Leather Business

Pricing Strategy For Retail welt Business1. Executive SummaryPricing dodging is play precise central role in any business and pricing is always dwelling housed on the consumers perception .This research is pursed on the Pricing schema of lash Retail Business in capital of capital of Singapore this is my get-go step for having retail lash shop in Singapore.In this research the meaning(a) to know what toll site will make customer to buy strap products and to see gap or space in living trounce market.This paper investigates roughly the consumer favored pricing for flog products- Handbags, W entirelyets, Jackets, computer Bags, Mobile consequence , Shoes and belts and what footing slog they found product is Expensive and At what dam period order consumer think that product is flash? These instruments be very pregnant to know approximately consumer pricing acceptance. Fin wholey we have got consumer favorite(a) cost, costly and shoddy legal injury worr ywiseResearch paper also investigates all the factors which atomic number 18 influencing consumer buying decision they ar terms, Quantity, blot and Country of Origin. We got that legal injury is top most essential factor for consumer in buying decision and Competitors Price offerings outline shows that stack away type Biz from home and Retail strap store is much standardized but store type Shopping Mall store is having high end products with high terms.For this research, SPSS, Perceptual and excel is used to know about the deviance between Consumer preferred damage. Perceptual is used to know preferred trounce product concord to the consumer old age and grammatical gender. SPSS for knowing the glob of whip product so that can be used for offering packages on inquire.Overall, Price is very fundamental factor and in that location is gap between consumer preferred value and competitors offerings and there new store can enter in market for marketing leather produc ts in consumer preferred price.1. IntroductionAn entrepreneurial venture I am going to practice is to step in, in the leather retail business. This dissertation is based on the Pricing dodge of Leather Retail Business in Singapore this start will help me to stand up on my own feet. Singapore is subatomic place but It is known as obtain paradise for Singaporean and tourists also.All leather products atomic number 18 fashion symbol for teenager and youth generation in the world Singapore youths be also fond of leather products.In 2008-2009, each and every business was facing decline overdue to the global crisis and in that period Singapore recession started because of that mass started buying only necessary things for them and they were little businessed about the fashion and style but From first Q1 of 2010 the shadow of global crisis started fading off and base on this I think Its right period to start Leather retail business .Leather products could never die although it mig ht face difficulties, which is the part of business.Leather products will be purchased from wholesale leather industries, Dharavi, Mumbai. Dharavi is famous for selling all genuine leather products at cheap price.In order to move ahead(predicate) with my plan, I have to make certain assumptions and get a fair idea of the market. For this, the company will be conducted a immemorial research on the local tidy sum on their desire to buy leather and their expectation from the leather productThe details of overseas buyers/delegates who visited India during the three Indian International Leather Fairs in the last three years is given be piteous In which Singapore has entered in 2006-2008 It is taken from http//www.leatherindia.org/annexureYearCountryNumber of overseas Buyers2005-06Spain, Portugal, UK, Singapore, Oman Italy142006-07Italy, Romania, Turkey, Argentina, Mexico, UK, USA, Portugal, Philippines, Bangladesh, France, Germany, Vietnam, Mexico, Sri Lanka and South Africa692007- 08Spain, Belgium, USA, Brazil, Brunei, Spain, Czech Rep, Netherlands, Ethiopia, Hong Kong, Israel, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, Namibia, UK, Romania, Poland, Finland, Colombia, Canada, South Africa, Turkey, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Uzbekistan Turkmenistan116In Singapore seems to be a considerable potential for the entry or expansion of specialized retail chains for leather retail business. Singapore is very small country and here market of any service or product gets thoroughgoing(a) very rapidly but during my initial research shows that total 98 retail leather shops are unattached in the market but in 98 retail leather shops. 25 to 30 retail shops sell brand leather care Gucci, Bulgary.1.2 Singapore retail leather MarketIn Singapore seems to be a considerable potential for the entry or expansion of specialized retail chains for leather retail business. Singapore is very small country and here market of any service or product gets saturate d very rapidly but during my initial research shows that total 98 retail leather shops are available in the market but in 98 retail leather shops. 40 retail shops sells Branded leather standardized Gucci, The Indian durable goods sector has seen the entry of a large number of foreign companies during the post liberalization period. A greater variety of consumer electronic items and household appliances became available to the Indian customer. Intense competition among companies to sell their brands provided a strong impetus to the growth for retailers doing business in this sector. Increasing household incomes due to better economic opportunities have encouraged consumer expenditure on leisure and personal goods in the country. B2B meetings between India exporters and overseas buyers. Changes in consumer needs, attitudes and mien The growth of ripe leather retail is linked to consumer needs, attitudes and behavior. Rising income levels, education and global exposure have contrib uted to the evolution of the Singaporean middle class. As a publication, purchasing and shop habits have been inculcated and are increasing day by day. Historically, Singaporeans have been the unrivalleds to splurge on luxury items. Today, mountain are willing to try new things and number different, which has increased spending on fashion and beauty products apart from apparels, food and grocery items.1.3 Competitors of Retail leather storesIn Singapore many competitors are available but leather market is non saturated. Pls see be clinical depression the list of Company Name who runs retails leather business in Singapore http//www.singaporebusinessguide.com/category/Leather_Goods.htm here almost all retail leather shops are concentrating Leather wallets, Hand bags, key case, leather jackets and card holders and in the list few of company are selling all these above products but rest of them concentrating few product items and nigh of them concentrating on one product like onl y men belts and some only hand bags. I have visited retail store of Artisan where they sell all leather products. Pls see the below Pricing for some demanding products. In in leather industry Pricing is good factor in retail business and valuablely if you are selling the product which you got in low price where Product has a high value so seller willingly sale product in good profit bank. Business strategy of selling product in low price which can be adopted , if you have enter in existing market where competitors are already gaining good profit margin so there differentiation can be made by selling product with low profit margin and make profit from selling large quantity.1.4 Target CustomerPeople who stays in Singapore Locals, PR or EP holders anyone who stays in Singapore and like to buy product with good quality in reasonable price. After recession hit in 2008 -people who were keen to buy branded products from salesroom and malls are moving into this customer segmentCustomer s are separated consort to their Monthly family Income and their buying behavior. Other factors will be their preference for any finical leather product and availability of the product1.5 Literature Review (Pricing Strategy)1.5.1 How Competitive Forces change strategyPrice is big factor for buyers and sellers both in retail business. Typically in Singapore It is very much observed that People are more likely buy products where they get products in low price. And there is opportunity in retail leather market to have leather retail business with low business strategy.Michael E Porter Business strategy professor from Harvard Business School has written in his article How Competitive Forces change strategy The buyers are likely to shop for a favorable price and purchase their products1.5.2 Empirical abridgment of Determinants of retail merchant Pricing StrategyAuthor Venkatesh Shanker and Ruth N Boltan has given their point of view for An Empirical Analysis of Determinants of Ret ailer Pricing Strategy where they investigated the other determinants of pricing strategy for retail business and how price coordination and relative price and chain factors in retailer pricing . And these outputs are derived from a simultaneous equation model and how it is underlying dimensions of retailers pricing strategies and that are influenced by some pricing dimensions and following are the These four pricing dimensions are statistically related First Competitors price and deal frequency), Second Storability and necessity ,Third Chain positioning and size , Fourth Store size and assortment ,Fifth Brand preference and advertising and Sixth Price and deal elasticity These findings are very useful to retailers profiling alternative pricing strategies.Author Scott Alen has put some light on the point that How much should product and service be charged? How product positioning should be placed and is pricing going to be key part of that positioning? The product positioning has to be consistent with positioning because people really want to get in return similar(p) or above what they pay for. Pricing is also aferct demand because of that you have to do basic research so need to make simple questionnaire and request them At what price they would like to buy that product and service ? even this sole practitioner will give basic curve that says that at X price, Y percentage people will buy.Author Deloitte has emphasized main challenge of retail business is setting up an accurate base price for a product. Price is important to draw the customer and generate the sale marginMarket basket analysis should be done and we can pose an optimal base price utilize measurement tool like Price elasticity. This can be done by doing compare a serial of price points and determining a price which generates the good gross sales margin. The past entropy of the product should be assessed to come up with the best base price for the market.Retailers will be prevented stock shor tages and minimized unplanned clearance markdowns by selecting the optimal price This method or strategy will chequer price image remains fix and consistent to the customer and it will enable retailers to increase sales and inventory turns.Existing leather1.6 Area of concern It is necessary to set Price of Product while launching existing market. First step will be decide the price and look into the availability of leather products in different mediums. check to my analysis of counting Leather shops from different categories. Currently 26 retail local leather shops which is different from Branded leather shops, 63 branded shops and approximately local online shops are 15.Singapore is very small country so market of any product gets saturated and there are direct competitors who are selling all types of leather products It will be challenge for new entrant to enter in existing market, stay in the market and plan for growth of the business.1.8 Research ProblemThis market research i s the function which connects the consumer and customer in the public. Market research result is used to get an idea of identity and information is used to identify and decide opportunities and problems in the market for evaluating and refining marketing situation also observant market behavior and performance. This will improve the understanding of the marketing in and outMarket Research emphasis the data collection process and break up the results and after that collected findings should be used for their implications. It is related with problem solving methods and the technique for acquiring idea to how to solve the problems. To understand the unpredictable consumer buying behavior and analyze this problem and make attempt to offset this. People sometimes have perception high quality means high price. Require to segregate the pricing strategy to avoid the product price perception. Product selection is required according to the demand of Singaporeans like Mens Accessories, Women Accessories, Shoes and Leather Jackets etc and according to the demand of Singapore people.To understand the Competitors Pricing strategy analysis for their products and then different products with different price fly the coop. This research should be niche to find the competitors pricing strategy1.7 Objective of the Study Price of any product or service is always play very important role and this need to explore the opportunities for entering new retail store in existing leather market of Singapore by applying pricing strategy. Research of the competitors products price and how pricing impact on Consumer buying decision.To determine demographic segment of the existing leather products consumers and how each segment behave differentlyVerify the preferred pricing for all leather products according to consumer point of viewIdentifying the price of leather products where consumer think that products are expensive and cheapVerify competitors price offerings2. Methodology2.1 Data Colle ction The primary data has been collected from the 81 people who have contributed in Survey questionnaire form created for doing analysis on my research topic. Data collection is done with gender wise and according to the monthly income range and age to get a better idea from different view of consumer by knowing their demographic angle.Competitors data collection based on the price offering of competitors to the consumer and the type of stores like, Shopping Mall, Retail shop or business from home .Sample size was 81 for survey questionnaire of consumer and Competitors data collection sample size is 242.2 Data Analysis Perceptual Analysis is used to see leather product Handbags, Wallets, Jackets, calculator bag, Mobile case, shoes and belts preference according to the gender wise. female preference for leather products and Male preference for leather products.SPSS tool has been used for performing for cluster analysis to know the combination of leather products and frequency anal ysis to get details of frequency of using leather products.Excel is also used for getting inequality between expensive price compare to preferred price and getting the details of variation of Expensive, preferred and cheap price.2.2.1 demographic analysisDemographic analysis has been used to segregate data with different available basic parameters of consumers. Age, Gender, Monthly Income, Nationality, Using leather products and frequency of purchasing leather products2.2.2 Perceptual AnalysisPerceptual analysis has been used to see the different variables position. There are 7 types of leather products Handbags, Wallets, Jackets, Computer bag, Mobile case, Shoes and belts. Analysis is based on according to different age group and gender.2.2.3 Frequency AnalysisFrequency analysis has been used to see frequency of preferred variable and differentiate variables preference. This analysis has helped to find out buying influenced factors Price, Quality, Brand and country of origin.2.2 .4 Cluster AnalysisCluster Analysis has been used to see possible cluster from available all leather products. Available products for this analysis Handbags, Wallets, Jackets, Computer bags , Mobile case, shoes and belts.2.2.5 Price Segmentation analysisPrice Segmentation analysis has been used to see partition among acceptance category given in primary data by consumer. There are 3 categories available Expensive, Preferred and Cheap. After this check the difference between Expensive to preferred to see which price will be suitable for consumer3. sequels and Interpretation3.1. Demographic Analysis resolvent3.1.1 AgeResult purpose and InterpretationThere are 5 categories of age range Sample size is 81, 55% from 81 retort is from age range 25-35 and aid highest is from age range 35-453.1.2 NationalityResult findings and InterpretationFirst analysis of Nationality of all 81 reactions shows that there are 4 categories in which first highest one is Indian having 51.9% and second o ne is Singaporean 35.8% , 8.6% Malay and 3.7% of others. This research according to this findings is more based on Indian and Singaporean.1.3 GenderResult findings and InterpretationThis demographic analysis is demo that in 81 responses Male are having 61.7 % and egg-producing(prenominal) are having 38.3% that means preference of leather products of male is more prominent research compare to female3.1.4 Income Range- Singapore DollarResult findings and InterpretationThis demographic analysis is very important to know the monthly income range of taken 81 responses for this research as it is based on pricing. 27% is cytosine01 to 12500 and second one is 12501 to 15000 and 3.1.5 At present Using in Leather ProductsResult findings and interpretationsThis analysis is showing that 88.9% is already using leather products means they are already associated with their choice of leather goods and their price so following analysis is useful to get impact of their products choice of purchase d leather product and what exactly they are looking for it. 11.1% are not using leather product and the following analysis will tell us about their preference which makes them to buy leather product3.1.6 Leather Product Purchasing FrequencyResult findingsOne time in a year is captured first place 22.22% from 81 responses and second place there are two categories one is 2 times in year and another is 1 time in a year . I interpret that Yearly frequency has captured more % then monthly because leather product are not requisite product.Interpretations3.1.7 Preferred Store type for Leather products shoppingResult findingsThis analysis is saying that 51.9% from 81 responses prefer to buy from Retail local shop in compare to Mall or online. I interpret that people like to buy from retail shop compare to Mall Branded shop or online shopping.3.2 Clustering of leather productsResult findings. There are 7 clusters for leather products shoes, belts, wallets, Computer bags, Mobile case, Handb ags and Jackets. Belts and shoes is one good cluster and another one is computer bag and Mobile case.Interpretations Belts and shoes are having very good relation in buyers point of view if anyone likes shoes so in same manner he will like belts also . Seller can sell them as a package and same for the Computer bags and Mobile case3.3 Perceptual Analysis3.3.1 .Male Preference of Products with different Age RangeResult findingsThis analysis is based on leather products preference according to their age group Male only. There are 6 categories Teen 45yrs and 1- handbags, 2- wallets, 3- Jackets, 4- Computer bags, 5- Mobile Case, 6- Shoes and 7- BeltsInterpretations Male Adults and Male Teen they both like 4 Computer bags more and Male Young Adult prefer more shoes then other products and Aged like Wallets and Mid Aged male like Jackets and mobile case3.3.2 Female Preference of Products with different Age RangeResult findingsThis analysis is based on leather products preference accord ing to their age group Male only. There are 6 categories Teen 45yrs and 1- handbags, 2- wallets, 3- Jackets, 4- Computer bags, 5- Mobile Case, 6- Shoes and 7- BeltsInterpretationsFemale teens like no 2 Wallets, female fresh Adults like belts compare to other leather products and female aged like Jackets, mid aged adult and adult like Handbags and shoes but Female mid aged adult like more Handbags and shoes compare to Adult female3.4 Leather products preferred price3.4.1 Handbags preferred/expensive/cheapDifference between Expensive and preferred price rangeResult findings and interpretaionIn the above 2 charts X axis vertebra is Number of response and Y axis is the mean of selected Price range. This analysis is done to check the variation of 81 people responses regarding their preferred price for Handbags, expensive price according to people and cheap price and difference between the people preferred and expensive pricing. People preferred price range are bit low or sometime a s same as expensive price and from this we can interpretate that people will like to buy handbags if it is bit expensive3.4.2 Wallets preferred/expensive/cheapDifference Between Expensive and PreferedResult findings and interpretationIn the above 2 charts X axis is Number of response and Y axis is the mean of selected Price range. This analysis is done to check the variation of 81 people responses regarding their preferred price for Wallets, expensive price according to people and cheap price and difference between the people preferred and expensive pricing.According to this analysis output People preferred price range are low from expensive price so we can interpret that people will like to buy Wallets in their preferred price and do not like to pay more3.4.3 Jacket preferred/expensive/cheapDifferenceResult findings and interpretationsIn the above 2 charts X axis is Number of response and Y axis is the mean of selected Price range. This analysis is done to check the variation of 81 people responses regarding their preferred price for Jackets, expensive price according to people and cheap price and difference between the people preferred and expensive pricing.According to this analysis output People preferred price range are low from expensive price so we can interpret that people will like to buy Jackets in their preferred price and do not like to pay more3.4.4 Computer Bag preferred/expensive/cheapDifferenceResult findings and interpretationIn the above 2 charts X axis is Number of response and Y axis is the mean of selected Price range. This analysis is done to check the variation of 81 people responses regarding their preferred price for Computer bags , expensive price according to people and cheap price and difference between the people preferred and expensive pricing. People preferred price range are bit low or sometime as same as expensive price and from this we can interpret that people will like to buy Computer bags if it is bit expensive but still th ey are very few in compare to all 81 responses.3.4.5 Mobile Case preferred/expensive/cheapDifferenceResult findings and interpretationIn the above 2 charts X axis is Number of response and Y axis is the mean of selected Price range. This analysis is done to check the variation of 81 people responses regarding their preferred price for Mobile case, expensive price according to people and cheap price and difference between the people preferred and expensive pricing. People preferred price range are visibly low compare to expensive price and from this we can interpret that people will like to buy Mobile case if it is provided in their preferred price range3.4.6 Shoes preferred/expensive/cheapDifferenceResult findings and interpretationIn the above 2 charts X axis is Number of response and Y axis is the mean of selected Price range. This analysis is done to check the variation of 81 people responses regarding their preferred price for Shoes, expensive price according to people and cheap price and difference between the people preferred and expensive pricing.According to this analysis output People preferred price range are low from expensive price so we can interpret that people will like to buy Shoes in their preferred price and do not like to pay more3.4.7 Belts preferred/expensive/cheapDifferenceResult findings and interpretationIn the above 2 charts X axis is Number of response and Y axis is the mean of selected Price range. This analysis is done to check the variation of 81 people responses regarding their preferred price for Belts, expensive price according to people and cheap price and difference between the people preferred and expensive pricing. People preferred price range are bit low or sometime as same as expensive price and from this we can interpret that people will like to buy Belts if it is given in their preferred price range3.5 Influence factors of Buying3.5.1 Price-Buying Influence FactorResult findingsResult findings are 55.6% responses is giv e tongue to that Price is virtually important factor for them for buying leather product and 21% is said that price is very important factor and for 9.9% it is little important, 6.2% it is very less important and 7.4 it not at all important factor for buying and leather productsInterpretationsMore than 50% of responses are saying that Price is Most important factor for them to buy any leather product and 21% are saying Price is very important factor so cumulative 72% out of 100% is saying Price is important factor3.5.2 Quality-Buying Influence FactorResult findingsResult findings are 44.4% responses is said that Quality is Most important factor for them for buying leather product and 25.9 % is said that Quality is very important factor and for 3.7% it is less important, 11.1% it is very less important and 14.4% it not at all important factor for buying and leather productsInterpretationsMore than 44.4% of responses are saying that Quality is Most important factor for them to buy a ny leather product and 25.9% are saying Quality is very important factor so cumulative 70% out of 100% is saying Quality is important factor3.5.3 Brand-Buying Influence FactorResult findingsResult findings are 3.7% responses is said that Brand is Most important factor for them for buying leather product and 29.6% is said that Brand is very important factor and for 48.1% it is less important, 11.1% it is very less important and 7.4 it not at all important factor for buying and leather productsInterpretationsMore than 48.1 % of responses are saying that Brand is less important factor for them to buy any leather product, 11.1% are saying Brand is very less important factor and 7.4% is saying it is not at all important so cumulative 67% out of 100% is saying Brand is not much important factor for them for buying leather products5.4 Country Origin-Buying Influence FactorResult findingsResult findings are 11.1% responses is said that Country of origin is Most important factor for them for buying leather product and 18.52% is said that Country of origin is very important factor and for 18.52% it is less important, 25.93% it is very less important and 25.93% it not at all important factor for buying and leather productsInterpretationsMore than 18.52 % of responses are saying that Country of origin is less important factor for them to buy any leather product, 25.93% are saying Country of origin is very less important factor and 25.93% is saying it is not at all important so cumulative 70% out of 100% is saying Country of origin is not much important factor for them for buying leather products6.Competitive Analysis6.1 Types of StoresResearch Findings and InterpretationsSample size is 24 stores and 45.8% from 24 is Retail shop and 37.5 from shopping mall and 16.7% Biz from home . Analysis is for all these 3 store types is to know about the pricing offering for leather products6.2 Handbags Price RangeHandbags- Biz from shell Handbags- Shopping Mall Handbags- Retail Store Result findings and InterpretationStore Type Biz from home 27% selling handbags at $1 to $150 price range and 73% at $151 to $ three hundred and Store type Shopping Mall 70% selling handbags at $151 to $300 and 30% $301 to $450 and Store Type Retail 45% selling handbags at $1 to $150 price range and 55% at $151 to $300. According to these findings I interpret that retail store are selling balance price range products and Shopping mall starting signal range is bit high compare to retail store and biz from home6.3 Wallets Price RangeWallets-Biz from Home Wallets- Shopping Mall Wallets- Retail StoreResult findings and InterpretationStore Type Biz from home 75% selling Wallets at $1 to $100 price range and 25% at $101 to $200 and Store type Shopping Mall 70% selling wallets at $201 to $300 and 30% $301 and above and Store Type Retail 35% selling wallets at $1 to $100 price range and 65% at $101 to $200. According to these findings I interpret that retail store biz from home are s elling at low price range products and Shopping mall starting range is bit high compare to retail store and biz from home6.3 Jackets Price RangeJackets-Biz from Home Jackets- Shopping Mall Jackets- Retail StoreResult findings and InterpretationStore Type Biz from home 50% selling Jackets at $1 to $150 price range and 50% at $151 to $300 and Store type Shopping Mall 55% selling Jackets at $151 to $300 and 45% $301 to $450 and Store Type Retail 20% selling Jackets at $1 to $150 price range and 80% at $151 to $300. According to these findings I interpret that Biz from home store type are selling balance price range products6.4 Computer bags Price RangeComputer Bag-Biz from Home Computer bags- Shopping Mall Compbags- Retail StoreResult findings and InterpretationStore Type Biz from home 75% selling Computer bags at $1 to $200 price range and 25% at $201 to $400 and Store type Shopping Mall 30% selling Computer bags at $201 to $400 and 70% $401 to $600 and Store Type Retail 25% sel ling Computer bags at $1 to $200 price range and 75% at $201 to $400. According to these findings I interpret that retail store are selling balance price range products and Shopping mall starting range is bit high compare to

Do Prisons Rehabilitate? Essay -- essays research papers

Do Prisons Rehabilitate?In this essay, I shall be focusing on the whether or Prisons rehabilitate offenders. I go forthdo this by focusing mainly on the Prison Service in England & Wales, the reason forthis, being that the data and statistics for England & Wales are easier to obtain thanthat of other countries. The main information I will be referring to will be the rates ofconviction, types of imprisonment, types of non-custodial sentences. Also I willexplore about of the current methods of offender rehabilitation.Her Majestys Prison Service is composed of two main types of prisons, they are openand closed prisons. Following the Mountbatten Report (1965) Prisoners were laidinto security categories, ranging from category A (high risk of exposure prisoner - escape wouldpose a serious risk to the public or state) to category D (low risk prisoner - can betrusted in open prison conditions).Prisons have four major purposes, they are retribution, incapacitation, deterrence andrehabil itation. Retribution means punishment for crimes against society. Prisons serveto deprive criminals of their freedom is a way of making them pay a debt to society fortheir crimes. Incapacitation refers to the removal of criminals from society so that theycan no protracted harm innocent people. Deterrence means the prevention of future crime,it is hoped that bye imprisoning a criminal, it deters them from committing the crimeagain and also deters others from committing crime. Rehabilitation refers to activitiesdesigned to change criminals into constabulary abiding citizens, and may include providingeducational courses in prison, teaching job skills and offering counselling with apsychologist or social worker. Over many historic period the focus of the prison service hasswitched between the four purposes, on that pointfore at different times in hi degree theimportance of rehabilitation has fluctuated.Her Majestys Prison Service serves the public by keeping in custody thosecommitte d by the courts. Our duty is to look after them with humanity and help them intimation law-abiding and useful lives in custody and after release.http//www.hmprisonservice.gov.uk/lrgtxt.aspThe above statement of purpose is that of Her Majestys Prison Service. As can beseen from the statement, there seems to be a focus on incapacitation and rehabilitation.Over many years, peoples attitude towards how to deal with pr... ...are oftensentenced when nothing else has worked and in effect the placement has given up. Theprison service has no control over the prisoners that they take in, and therefore as theoffenders stay in custody is forced rehabilitation will not be effective unless theoffender wants to be rehabilitated.REFERENCESInternet SitesAll of the below listed sites were last accessed on 10/12/2002http//www.dfes.gov.uk/prisonerlearning/init_p.cfm?ID=13http//www.dfes.gov.uk/prisonerlearning/init_p.cfm?ID=17http//www.guardian.co.uk/prisons/story/0,7369,747482,00.htmlhttp//www.hmpris onservice.gov.uk/lrgtxt.asphttp//www.hmprisonservice.gov.uk/news/newstext.asp?272http//www.homeoffice.gov.uk/prishist.htmhttp//society.guardian.co.uk/mentalhealth/story/0,8150,682850,00.htmlhttp//www.learn.co.uk/yvote/debates/crimeprisonpro.htmhttp//www.socialexclusionunit.gov.uk/publications/reports/html/Reducing_Re-offending/chapter_one.htmhttp//www.socialexclusionunit.gov.uk/publications/reports/html/Reducing_Re-offending/chapter_two.htmhttp//www.socialexclusionunit.gov.uk/publications/reports/html/Reducing_Re-offending/chapter_five.htmhttp//www.stoptheaca.org/purpose.html

The Habit Of Identity :: essays research papers

<a href="http//www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknins Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web SitesIn a famous experiment, students were asked to take a lemon home and to get used to it. Three days later, they were able to single out their lemon from a pile of rather similar ones. They check outmed to contract bonded. Is this the true meaning of love, bonding, coupling? Do we simply get used to other human beings, pets, or objects? Habit forming in humans is reflexive. We change ourselves and our purlieu in order to attain maximum comfort and well being. It is the effort that goes into these adaptive processes that forms a habit. The habit is intended to prevent us from constant experimenting and luck taking. The greater our well being, the better we function and the longer we survive. Actually, when we get used to something or to someone we get used to ourselves. In the object of the habit we see a part of our history, all the time and effort that we put into it. It is an encapsulated version of our acts, intentions, emotions and reactions. It is a mirror reflecting back at us that part in us, which make the habit. Hence, the feeling of comfort we really feel comfortable with our own selves through the agency of the object of our habit. Because of this, we tend to confuse habits with identity. If asked WHO they are, most people will recur to describing their habits. They will relate to their work, their loved ones, their pets, their hobbies, or their material possessions. Yet, all of these cannot constitute part of an identity because their removal does not change the identity that we are seeking to establish when we enquire WHO someone is. They are habits and they make the respondent comfortable and relaxed. But they are not part of his identity in the truest, deepest sense. Still, it is this simple machine of deception that binds people together. A mother feels that her off spring are part of her identity because she is so used to them that her well being depends on their humanity and availability. Thus, any threat to her children is interpreted to mean a threat on her Self. Her reaction is, therefore, strong and enduring and can be recurrently elicited. The truth, of course, is that her children ARE a part of her identity in a superficial manner.